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14 Components of the Need Theory. The 14 components of Virginia Henderson’s Need Theory show a holistic nursing approach covering physiological, psychological, spiritual, and social needs.
The 14 basic human needs according to Henderson 1- Breathe normally . The gaseous exchange of the body is essential for patient health and for life itself. The nurse should become familiar with the respiratory function of the person and know how to identify the possible disadvantages of this process.
Her emphasis on basic human needs as the central focus of nursing practice has led to further theory development regarding the needs of the patient and how nursing can assist in meeting those needs. Henderson identifies three major assumptions in her model of nursing.
Understanding Henderson’s Fundamental Needs. According to Henderson, there are 14 fundamental needs that encompass the biological, psychological, social, and spiritual aspects of human life. These needs serve as the guiding principles for nurses to provide patient-centered care.
This paper will explore Virginia Henderson’s theory, its origins, and its 14 basic needs. It will also explain how Henderson’s nursing need theory is used in practice and research and discuss its strengths and limitations.
The 14 basic needs identified by Virginia Henderson are the need for food and water, elimination, sleep and rest, communication, worship, play and leisure, work, education, health maintenance, self-actualization, safety and protection, social interaction, love and affection, and creation.
She categorized nursing activities into 14 components, based on human needs. She described the nurse's role as substitutive (doing for the person), supplementary (helping the person), complementary (working with the person), with the goal of helping the person become as independent as possible.
› Henderson coined the term “basic nursing care” to identify 14 basic needs of the patient, which include physiological, psychological, socio-cultural,spiritual, and developmental aspects.
Henderson's nursing theory consists of 14 basic human needs that individuals require assistance with to achieve health and well-being. These needs range from breathing, eating, and eliminating waste to expressing emotions, learning, and participating in recreation.
Henderson’s theory outlines basic needs: Additionally, Henderson outlined four major concepts: 1. The Individual. Individuals (or patients) have basic health needs and require assistance to achieve either independence or a peaceful death. The mind and body are interrelated and cannot be separated.