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[7] Most sacral dimple cases are minor and do not relate to any underlying medical problem, [1] [3] [5] but some can result from disease, notably spina bifida. [3] [5] If so, this is usually the spina bifida occulta form, which is the least serious kind. [3] Simple dimples are typically small, measuring less than 5 mm in size.
In tethered spinal cord cases spina bifida can be accompanied by tethering of the spinal cord but in rare cases with Spina bifida occulta. Tethering of the spinal cord tends to occur in the cases of Spina bifida with mylomeningocele. In most people the spine grows faster than the spinal cord during development which causes the end of the spinal ...
Spina bifida (SB; /ˌspaɪnə ˈbɪfɪdə/, [9] Latin for 'split spine') [10] is a birth defect in which there is incomplete closing of the spine and the membranes around the spinal cord during early development in pregnancy. [1] There are three main types: spina bifida occulta, meningocele and myelomeningocele. [1]
Spina bifida occulta means hidden split spine. [20] In this type of neural tube defect, the meninges do not herniate through the opening in the spinal canal. [ 19 ] The most frequently seen form of spina bifida occulta is when parts of the bones of the spine, called the spinous process , and the neural arch appear abnormal on a radiogram ...
[10] [11] Spinal abnormalities, e.g. intramedullary dermoid cysts may arise more frequently in the lumbosacral region (quite often at the level of the conus medullaris) and may be seen with other congenital anomalies of the spine including posterior spina bifida occulta as identified by the neuroradiological analysis. [8] [11]
Craniofacial abnormalities are congenital musculoskeletal disorders which primarily affect the cranium and facial bones. [1]They are associated with the development of the pharyngeal arches. [2]
It is a multifactorial aetiology and is most typically accompanied by other defects. Rachischisis is often described as a severe form of spina bifida, with the spine not only being exposed to the exterior environment, but with the opening being large enough to allow the neural plate to spread out of the opening and to the surface. [citation needed]
Jarcho–Levin syndrome associated with spina bifida and diastematomyelia (type I split cord malformation) 4: Duru S et al. 1999: 2: First case of 2-year-old girl, spondylocostal dysostosis with lipomyelomeningocele, and polythelia on the right side. Second case of 6-month-old girl, spondylocostal dysostosis with myelomeningocele and hydrocephalus