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Front-End Engineering focuses on technical requirements and identifying main costs for a proposed project. [2] It is used to establish a price for the execution phase of the project and evaluate potential risks. It is typically followed by Detailed Design (or Detailed Engineering). The amount of time invested in Front-End Engineering is higher ...
Front-end loading (FEL), also referred to as Front End Planning (FEP), pre-project planning (PPP), feasibility analysis, conceptual planning, programming/schematic design and early project planning, is the process for conceptual development of projects in processing industries such as upstream oil and gas, petrochemical, natural gas refining, extractive metallurgy, waste-to-energy ...
The front end of line (FEOL) is the first portion of IC fabrication where the individual components (transistors, capacitors, resistors, etc.) are patterned in a semiconductor substrate. [1] FEOL generally covers everything up to (but not including) the deposition of metal interconnect layers.
front end of line (FEoL) – initial wafer processing steps up to (but not including) metal interconnect (see also back end of line, far back end of line, post-fab) heterogeneous integration – combining different types of integrated circuitry into a single device; differences may be in fabrication process, technology node, substrate, or function
Back end of the line or back end of line (BEOL) is a process in semiconductor device fabrication that consists of depositing metal interconnect layers onto a wafer already patterned with devices. It is the second part of IC fabrication, after front end of line (FEOL). In BEOL, the individual devices (transistors, capacitors, resistors, etc ...
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The steps involving testing and packaging of dies, followed by final testing of finished, packaged chips, are called the back end, [118] post-fab, [192] ATMP (Assembly, Test, Marking, and Packaging) [193] or ATP (Assembly, Test and Packaging) of semiconductor manufacturing, and may be carried out by OSAT (OutSourced Assembly and Test) companies ...
In software development, frontend refers to the presentation layer that users interact with, while backend involves the data management and processing behind the scenes. In the client–server model, the client is usually considered the frontend, handling user-facing tasks, and the server is the backend, managing data and logic.