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Ground-source heat pumps (GSHPs) – or geothermal heat pumps (GHP), as they are commonly termed in North America – are among the most energy-efficient technologies for providing HVAC and water heating, using far less energy than can be achieved by burning a fuel in a boiler/furnace or by use of resistive electric heaters.
The first geothermal heat pump was a DX system built in the late 1940s by Robert C. Webber. [3] It used Freon gas and buried copper tubing, for increased efficiency. Later [ when? ] geothermal heat pumps designs started incorporating an additional plastic pipe loop to circulate water in deep wells in an effort to gather sufficient heat for ...
In general, heat pumps work most efficiently (that is, the heat output produced for a given energy input) when the difference between the heat source and the heat sink is small. When using a heat pump for space or water heating, therefore, the heat pump will be most efficient in mild conditions, and decline in efficiency on very cold days.
That heat can be extracted with a geothermal heat pump more efficiently than it can be generated by conventional furnaces. [10] Geothermal heat pumps are economically viable essentially anywhere in the world. In theory, geothermal energy (usually cooling) can also be extracted from existing infrastructure, such as municipal water pipes. [14]
Closed-Loop Geothermal Systems are used for utility-scale commercial and industrial energy production and typically produce greater than 1 megawatt of thermal energy. Application: Ground source heat pumps are most often used for small-scale residential and commercial buildings, and are only used for heating and cooling applications. [19]
Thermodynamic heat pump cycles or refrigeration cycles are the conceptual and mathematical models for heat pump, air conditioning and refrigeration systems. [1] A heat pump is a mechanical system that transmits heat from one location (the "source") at a certain temperature to another location (the "sink" or "heat sink") at a higher temperature. [2]
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