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Marine viruses are defined by their habitat as viruses that are found in marine environments, that is, in the saltwater of seas or oceans or the brackish water of coastal estuaries. Viruses are small infectious agents that can only replicate inside the living cells of a host organism , because they need the replication machinery of the host to ...
Most marine viruses are bacteriophages, which are harmless to plants and animals, but are essential to the regulation of saltwater and freshwater ecosystems. [14] They infect and destroy bacteria in aquatic microbial communities, and are the most important mechanism of recycling carbon in the marine environment.
Marine life, sea life or ocean life is the collective ecological communities that encompass all aquatic animals, plants, algae, fungi, protists, single-celled microorganisms and associated viruses living in the saline water of marine habitats, either the sea water of marginal seas and oceans, or the brackish water of coastal wetlands, lagoons ...
The discovery of Diatom Viruses dates back to the early 1970s when scientists first observed viral-like particles in the cultures of diatoms. [13] Moreover, it was not until the 1990s that marine viruses were found to have the ability to be potentially pathogenic towards marine organisms. [14]
The name "marnaviridae" is based on its genome type (RNA virus - rnaviridae), together with the prefix "ma" being derived from the Latin word mare (sea).[10]The family was proposed following the discovery of an RNA virus (HaRNAV) that infects H. akashiwo off of the coast of British Columbia, which was the first report of a single-stranded RNA virus capable of causing cell lysis in phytoplankton.
Vibrio vulnificus is a species of gram-negative, motile, curved rod-shaped (bacillus), pathogenic bacteria of the genus Vibrio.Present in marine environments such as estuaries, brackish ponds, or coastal areas, V. vulnificus is related to V. cholerae, the causative agent of cholera. [7]
Initial phylogenetic studies using the gene 16S rDNA sequence data shows M. marinum is close to M. tuberculosis and M. ulcerans. [1] Whole genome sequence of M. marinum (M strain) was first published in 2008 [6] and later with the emergence of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), marinum type strain or patient isolates genome sequences were published.
[41] [42] The realisation in 1989 that there are typically about 100 marine viruses in every millilitre of seawater [43] gave impetus to understand their diversity and role in the marine environment. [42] Viruses are now considered to play key roles in marine ecosystems by controlling microbial community dynamics, host metabolic status, and ...