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Giemsa stained Trypanosoma parasites (Chagas disease pathogen) Whirling disease section stained with Giemsa stain. Giemsa stain (/ ˈ ɡ iː m z ə /), named after German chemist and bacteriologist Gustav Giemsa, is a nucleic acid stain used in cytogenetics and for the histopathological diagnosis of malaria and other parasites.
Brugia is a genus for a group of small roundworms. They are among roundworms that cause the parasitic disease filariasis. [1] Specifically, of the three species known, Brugia malayi and Brugia timori cause lymphatic filariasis in humans; and Brugia pahangi and Brugia patei infect domestic cats, dogs and other animals.
These morphologic changes, referred to as Schüffner's dots, are important in the identification of this species of malarial parasite and have been associated by electron microscopy with caveolavesicle complexes along the erythrocyte plasmalemma. [3] They are named for Wilhelm Schüffner, who described them in 1904. [4]
Whole blood with microfilaria worm, giemsa stain. L. loa worms have a simple structure consisting of a head (which lacks lips), a body, and a blunt tail. The outer body of the worm is composed of a cuticle with three main layers made up of collagen and other compounds which aid in protecting the nematodes while they are inside the digestive system of their host.
The blood sample can be a thick smear, stained with Giemsa or haematoxylin and eosin. For increased sensitivity , concentration techniques can be used. These include centrifugation of the blood sample lyzed in 2% formalin (Knott's technique), or filtration through a nucleopore membrane .
Blood smears are usually stained with haematoxylin or Giemsa to visualize the worms under the microscope. [5] Diagnosticians must not rely entirely on blood samples, since microfilariae have also been detected in the skin. Ultrasound may be used to detect the presence of the adult worms.
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Brugia timori is a filarial (arthropod-borne) nematode (roundworm) which causes the disease "Timor filariasis", or "Timorian filariasis".While this disease was first described in 1965, [1] the identity of Brugia timori as the causative agent was not known until 1977. [2]