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In Eastern Christianity, the most widely used Christogram is a four-letter abbreviation, ΙϹ ΧϹ—a traditional abbreviation of the Greek words for 'Jesus Christ' (i.e., the first and last letters of each of the words ΙΗϹΟΥϹ ΧΡΙϹΤΟϹ, with the lunate sigma 'Ϲ' common in medieval Greek), [23] and written with titlo (diacritic ...
Such an image is often placed in the apse of the sanctuary of an Orthodox church above the Holy Table (altar). [2] As with most Orthodox icons of Mary, the letters ΜΡ ΘΥ (short for ΜΗΤΗΡ ΘΕΟΥ, "Mother of God") are usually placed on the upper left and right of the head of the Virgin Mary.
The status of Mary as Theotokos was a topic of theological dispute in the 4th and 5th centuries and was the subject of the decree of the Council of Ephesus of 431 to the effect that, in opposition to those who denied Mary the title Theotokos ("the one who gives birth to God") but called her Christotokos ("the one who gives birth to Christ ...
The Chi Rho (☧, English pronunciation / ˈ k aɪ ˈ r oʊ /; also known as chrismon [1]) is one of the earliest forms of the Christogram, formed by superimposing the first two (capital) letters—chi and rho (ΧΡ)—of the Greek ΧΡΙΣΤΟΣ (rom: Christos) in such a way that the vertical stroke of the rho intersects the center of the chi.
According to Christian legend, the image of Edessa, (known to the Eastern Orthodox Church as the Mandylion, a Medieval Greek word not applied in any other context), was a holy relic consisting of a square or rectangle of cloth upon which a miraculous image of the face of Jesus was imprinted — the first icon ("image").
The Latinized version of the letters IHS (Iesus Hominum Salvator) were extremely popular during Byzantine times. The Latin version means Jesus Savior of Humankind. Another version was In Hoc Signo (In this sign). Ιησούς Ήμέτερος Σωτήρ (Jesus Our Savior) is another usage of the three Greek letters ΙΗΣ. [3]
Early followers of Jesus, who soon came known as "Christians" (Greek: Χρῑστῐᾱνοί, romanized: Christianoi) after the title Christos, developed symbols for representing Christ (i.e. Christograms) – for example, the Chi Rho symbol, formed by superimposing the first two Greek letters in "Christ" ( Greek : "Χριστός" ): chi = ch ...
Christ Pantocrator mosaic in Byzantine style from the Cefalù Cathedral, Sicily. The most common translation of Pantocrator is "Almighty" or "All-powerful". In this understanding, Pantokrator is a compound word formed from the Greek words πᾶς, pas (GEN παντός pantos), i.e. "all" [4] and κράτος, kratos, i.e. "strength", "might", "power". [5]