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The main cause of TB is Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), a small, aerobic, nonmotile bacillus. [8] The high lipid content of this pathogen accounts for many of its unique clinical characteristics. [54] It divides every 16 to 20 hours, which is an extremely slow rate compared with other bacteria, which usually divide in less than an hour. [55]
Fever can be a result of drug resistance (but in that case the organism must be resistant to two or more of the drugs). Fever may be due to a superadded infection or additional diagnosis (patients with TB are not exempt from getting influenza and other illnesses during the course of treatment). In a few patients, the fever is due to drug allergy.
The medical history includes obtaining the symptoms of pulmonary TB: productive, prolonged cough of three or more weeks, chest pain, and hemoptysis.Systemic symptoms include low grade remittent fever, chills, night sweats, appetite loss, weight loss, easy fatiguability, and production of sputum that starts out mucoid but changes to purulent. [1]
Nationally, TB is on the rise, with 8,331 cases reported in 2022, a 5.9% increase over 2021, according to the CDC. It is unclear if 8,331 is just active cases or includes latent cases.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), also known as Koch's bacillus, is a species of pathogenic bacteria in the family Mycobacteriaceae and the causative agent of tuberculosis. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] First discovered in 1882 by Robert Koch , M. tuberculosis has an unusual, waxy coating on its cell surface primarily due to the presence of mycolic acid .
Continuous fever is a type or pattern of fever in which temperature does not touch the baseline and remains above normal throughout the day. The variation between maximum and minimum temperature in 24 hours is less than 1°C (1.5°F). [ 1 ]
Intermittent fever is a type or pattern of fever in which there is an interval where temperature is elevated for several hours followed by an interval when temperature drops back to normal. [1] This type of fever usually occurs during the course of an infectious disease . [ 2 ]
[4] [2] In severe cases, people may experience hospitalizations and death related to respiratory causes. [2] There is no accepted diagnosis criteria for PTLD, and existing research does not use a clearly defined study population. [7] [8]