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For a non-holonomic process function, no such function may be defined. In other words, for a holonomic process function, λ may be defined such that dY = λδX is an exact differential. For example, thermodynamic work is a holonomic process function since the integrating factor λ = 1 / p (where p is pressure) will yield exact ...
The general form quoted for a mass balance is The mass that enters a system must, by conservation of mass, either leave the system or accumulate within the system. Mathematically the mass balance for a system without a chemical reaction is as follows: [2]: 59–62
In chemistry, the lever rule is a formula used to determine the mole fraction (x i) or the mass fraction (w i) of each phase of a binary equilibrium phase diagram.It can be used to determine the fraction of liquid and solid phases for a given binary composition and temperature that is between the liquidus and solidus line.
The Van 't Hoff equation relates the change in the equilibrium constant, K eq, of a chemical reaction to the change in temperature, T, given the standard enthalpy change, Δ r H ⊖, for the process. The subscript r {\displaystyle r} means "reaction" and the superscript ⊖ {\displaystyle \ominus } means "standard".
The area required to calculate the mass flow rate is real or imaginary, flat or curved, either as a cross-sectional area or a surface, e.g. for substances passing through a filter or a membrane, the real surface is the (generally curved) surface area of the filter, macroscopically - ignoring the area spanned by the holes in the filter/membrane ...
Fick's first law relates the diffusive flux to the gradient of the concentration. It postulates that the flux goes from regions of high concentration to regions of low concentration, with a magnitude that is proportional to the concentration gradient (spatial derivative), or in simplistic terms the concept that a solute will move from a region of high concentration to a region of low ...
Process simulation is a model-based representation of chemical, physical, biological, and other technical processes and unit operations in software. Basic prerequisites for the model are chemical and physical properties [ 1 ] of pure components and mixtures, of reactions, and of mathematical models which, in combination, allow the calculation ...
Universal Mass Calculator Freeware: UMC is programmed as a mass spectrometry tool to assist interpreting measurement results, mainly derived from molecular or quasi-molecular ions. It can be used for the calculation of: Mass deviation (mmu or ppm) of measured mass from given empirical formula; Mass differences of two empirical formulas