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The process that led to the algorithm recognizes several important steps. In 1931, Andrei Kolmogorov introduced the differential equations corresponding to the time-evolution of stochastic processes that proceed by jumps, today known as Kolmogorov equations (Markov jump process) (a simplified version is known as master equation in the natural sciences).
The origins of SSA and, more generally, of subspace-based methods for signal processing, go back to the eighteenth century (Prony's method).A key development was the formulation of the spectral decomposition of the covariance operator of stochastic processes by Kari Karhunen and Michel Loève in the late 1940s (Loève, 1945; Karhunen, 1947).
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Social Security gradually moved toward universal coverage. By 1950, debates moved away from which occupational groups should be included to how to provide more adequate coverage. [37] Changes in Social Security have reflected a balance between promoting equality and efforts to provide adequate protection. [38] In 1940, benefits paid totaled $35 ...
Data source: Social Security Administration. Table by author. For instance, say you're 66 years old and will reach your FRA in 2025. Let's also say that in the months leading up to your FRA, you ...
Social Security Act of 1935; Other short titles: Social Security Act: Long title: An Act to provide for the general welfare by establishing a system of Federal old-age benefits, and by enabling the several States to make more adequate provision for aged persons, dependent and crippled children, maternal and child welfare, public health, and the administration of their unemployment laws; to ...