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Franco-Papal victory by Cesare Borgia over Caterina Sforza. 5 February 1500: Ludovico Sforza's Swiss mercenary army retook the city of Milan from the French. 21 March 1500: The Sforzescan army retook Novara from the French. 8–10 April 1500: Battle of Novara (1500). French victory over Ludovico Sforza.
Franco-Papal victory by Cesare Borgia over Caterina Sforza. 5 February 1500: Ludovico Sforza's Swiss mercenary army retook the city of Milan from the French. 21 March 1500: The Sforzescan army retook Novara from the French. 8–10 April 1500: Battle of Novara (1500). French victory over Ludovico Sforza. 24 July 1501: Sack of Capua.
Cesare Borgia's domains mapped. Sources are in the image's description. Cesare Borgia [b] (13 September 1475 – 12 March 1507) was a Roman Catholic deacon—cardinal and later an Italian condottiero (mercenary). He was the illegitimate son of Pope Alexander VI of the Aragonese House of Borgia and was a sibling to Lucrezia Borgia.
After the victory at Marignano, Francis advanced on Milan, capturing the city on 4 October and removing Sforza from the throne. [99] In December, he met with Leo at Bologna; the pope, who had in the meantime been deserted by the remainder of his Swiss mercenaries, surrendered Parma and Piacenza to Francis and Modena to the Duke of Ferrara . [ 100 ]
July 25 – The Kingdom of Naples, led by King Federico I, surrenders to Cesare Borgia's French and Aragonese troops. July 27 – Copernicus is formally installed as canon of Frauenberg Cathedral. August 1 – Hans, King of Denmark, Norway and Sweden is deposed from the Swedish throne after fleeing the country following the victory of Swedish ...
The September 1503 papal conclave elected Pope Pius III to succeed Pope Alexander VI.Due to the Italian Wars, the College of Cardinals was surrounded by three potentially hostile armies, loyal to Louis XII of France, Ferdinand II of Aragon, and Cesare Borgia (the cardinal-nephew and illegitimate son of Alexander VI).
The First Italian War, or Charles VIII's Italian War, [2] was the opening phase of the Italian Wars.The war pitted Charles VIII of France, who had initial Milanese aid, against the Holy Roman Empire, Spain and an alliance of Italian powers led by Pope Alexander VI, known as the League of Venice.
An account of the banquet appears in the Liber Notarum of Johann Burchard, the Protonotary Apostolic and Master of Ceremonies. This diary, a primary source on the life of Alexander VI, was preserved in the Vatican Secret Archive; it became available to researchers in the mid-19th century when Pope Leo XIII opened the archive, although Leo expressed specific reluctance to allow general access ...