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Ish-Shalom et al. [69] performed a study in elderly women to compare the efficacy and safety of a daily dose of 1500 IU to a weekly dose of 10 500 IU and to a dose of 45 000 IU given every 28 days for two months. They concluded that supplementation with vitamin D can be equally achieved with daily, weekly, or monthly dosing frequencies.
For example, the US Adequate Intake recommendations from 1997 were 200 IU/day for infants, children, adults to age 50 and women during pregnancy or lactation, 400 IU/day for ages 51-70 and 600 IU/day for 71 and older. [159] Conversion: 1 μg (microgram) = 40 IU (international unit). [56]
5, [14] 7 [5] [52] μmol/L: 0 [14] [15] 0.3, [14] [15] 0.4 [23] mg/dL: Alanine transaminase (ALT/ALAT [5]) 5, [54] 7, [15] 8 [14] 20, [14] 21, [18] 56 [15] U/L: Also called serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) Female: 0.15 [5] 0.75 [5] μkat/L Male: 0.15 [5] 1.1 [5] Aspartate transaminase (AST/ASAT [5]) Female: 6 [55] 34 [55] IU/L: Also ...
See Weight for detail of mass/weight distinction and conversion. Avoirdupois is a system of mass based on a pound of 16 ounces, while Troy weight is the system of mass where 12 troy ounces equals one troy pound. The symbol g 0 is used to denote standard gravity in order to avoid confusion with the (upright) g symbol for gram.
The international unit measurement was used by the United States in 1968–2016. 1 IU is the biological equivalent of about 0.667 mg d (RRR)-alpha-tocopherol (2/3 mg exactly), or of 0.90 mg of dl-alpha-tocopherol, corresponding to the then-measured relative potency of stereoisomers.
US RDA for vitamin B12 for adults [45] 10 −8: 10 −8 kg: Speculated approximate lower limit of the mass of a primordial black hole: 1.5 × 10 −8 kg: US RDA for vitamin D for adults [46] ~2 × 10 −8 kg Uncertainty in the mass of the International Prototype of the Kilogram (IPK) (±~20 μg) [47] 2.2 × 10 −8 kg
Conversion of homocysteine to methionine requires folate and vitamin B 12. Elevated plasma homocysteine and low folate are associated with cognitive impairment, dementia and Alzheimer's disease . [ 62 ] [ 63 ] Supplementing the diet with folic acid and vitamin B 12 lowers plasma homocysteine. [ 63 ]
Food and supplement labels still generally use IU, but IU can be converted to the more useful retinol activity equivalent as follows: [19] 1 μg RAE = 3.33 IU retinol; 1 IU retinol = 0.3 μg RAE; 1 IU β-carotene from supplements = 0.3 μg RAE; 1 IU β-carotene from food = 0.05 μg RAE; 1 IU α-carotene or β-cryptoxanthin from food = 0.025 μg ...