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The rate of CSF formation in humans is about 0.3–0.4 ml per minute and the total CSF volume is 90–150 ml in adults. [2] Traditionally, CSF was evaluated mainly using invasive procedures such as lumbar puncture, myelographies, radioisotope studies, and intracranial pressure monitoring.
Infants have a CSF volume of 4 mL/kg, children have a CSF volume of 3 mL/kg, and adults have a CSF volume of 1.5–2 mL/kg. A high CSF volume is why a larger dose of local anesthetic, on a mL/kg basis, is needed in infants. [19] Additionally, the larger CSF volume may be one reason as to why children have lower rates of postdural puncture headache.
Following is a list of reference ranges for cerebrospinal fluid: ... (CSF/serum) quotient of 0 to 7x10 −3: Lactate: 1.1 [1] ... WBCs: 0 [2] 3 [2] cells/μL cells/mm ...
While lymphocytes make up roughly a quarter of all white blood cells (WBC) in the body, they are generally rare in the CSF. Under normal conditions, there are usually less than 5 white blood cells per μL of CSF. In a pleocytic setting, the number of lymphocytes can jump to more than 1,000 cells per μL.
The pressure–volume relationship between ICP, volume of CSF, blood, and brain tissue, and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) is known as the Monro–Kellie doctrine or hypothesis. [22] [23] [24] The Monro–Kellie hypothesis states that the cranial compartment is inelastic and that the volume inside the cranium is fixed.
The CSF tap test, sometimes lumbar tap test or Miller Fisher Test, is a medical test that is used to decide whether shunting of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) would be helpful in a patient with suspected normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH).
Lumbar puncture (LP), also known as a spinal tap, is a medical procedure in which a needle is inserted into the spinal canal, most commonly to collect cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for diagnostic testing.
Pandy's test (or Pandy's reaction) is done on the CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) to detect the elevated levels of proteins (mainly globulins). This test is named after the Hungarian neurologist , Pándy Kálmán (1868–1945) who developed this test in the year 1910.