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Map of the pre-1945 distribution of Ainu languages and dialects. In 2008, the news block World Watch gave an estimate of fewer than 100 remaining speakers of the Ainu language. [10] In 1993, linguist Alexander Vovin placed the number at fewer than 15 speakers, characterizing the language as "almost extinct". [104]
Own work, based on "Historical and present distribution of Ainu in Japan and the Russian Federation - W.Dallmann & K.Uzawa, April 2007" map from ANSIPRA: Author: ArnoldPlaton: Other versions: Derivative works of this file: Map of Ainu in Hokkaido de.svg
Hokkaido (Japanese: 北海道, Hepburn: Hokkaidō, pronounced [hokkaꜜidoː] ⓘ, lit. ' Northern Sea Circuit; Ainu: Ainu Moshiri ') [2] is the second-largest island of Japan and comprises the largest and northernmost prefecture, making up its own region. [3]
The island was formally claimed as Japanese territory in 1855. Near the end of the Second World War in 1945, the Soviet Union occupied the southern Kurils and forcibly removed its Japanese residents. Japan continues to claim the islands and considers the northern edge of the island to be its own northernmost point.
Onekotan (Russian: Онекотан; Japanese 温禰古丹島; Onekotan-tō, occasionally Onnekotan-tō, Ainu: オネコタン or オネコタㇴ) is an uninhabited volcanic island located near the northern end of the Kuril Islands chain in the Sea of Okhotsk in the northwest Pacific Ocean.
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There is only one Ainu kotan still continually inhabited to the present day, the Lake Akan kotan in Kushiro. In 1959, there were still a scattering of Ainu kotans around Lake Akan, before Mitsuko Maeda of the Maeda Ippoen Foundation (an organization that helped in conserving Lake Akan) suggested the remaining Ainu to relocate to the new land purchased by him.