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There are two RULs: the palmar and dorsal radioulnar ligaments. [citation needed] These ligaments arise from the distal radius medial border and insert on the ulna at two separate and distinct sites: the ulna styloid and the fovea (a groove that separates the ulnar styloid from the ulnar head).
The collateral ligaments originate on depressions on each side of the metacarpal heads dorsal to axis of rotation. From there, they extend obliquely and distally to their insertions onto tubercles at the base of the proximal phalanx. The accessory collateral ligaments originate volar to the collateral ligaments and are inserted on the palmar ...
The distal radioulnar articulation [1] (also known as the distal radioulnar joint, [2] or inferior radioulnar joint [1] [3]) is a synovial pivot joint between the two bones in the forearm; the radius and ulna. It is one of two joints between the radius and ulna, the other being the proximal radioulnar articulation.
The human shoulder is made up of three bones: the clavicle (collarbone), the scapula (shoulder blade), and the humerus (upper arm bone) as well as associated muscles, ligaments and tendons. The articulations between the bones of the shoulder make up the shoulder joints .
The dorsal radioulnar ligament (posterior radioulnar ligament) extends between corresponding surfaces on the dorsal aspect of the distal radioulnar articulation.
The palmar carpometacarpal ligaments (or volar) are a series of bands on the palmar surface of the carpometacarpal joints that connect the carpal bones to the second through fifth metacarpal bones. The second metacarpal is connected to the trapezium. The third metacarpal is connected to the trapezium, to the capitate, and to the hamate. The ...
The capsule of the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint is the articular capsule of the shoulder.It completely surrounds the joint. It is attached above to the circumference of the glenoid cavity beyond the glenoidal labrum, and below to the anatomical neck of the humerus, approaching nearer to the articular cartilage above than in the rest of its extent.
The shoulder joint is a muscle-dependent joint as it lacks strong ligaments. The primary stabilizers of the shoulder include the biceps brachii on the anterior side of the arm, and tendons of the rotator cuff; which are fused to all sides of the capsule except the inferior margin. [5]