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Ipratropium bromide/salbutamol, sold under the brand name Combivent among others, is a combination medication used to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). [1] [4] [5] It contains ipratropium (an anticholinergic) and salbutamol (albuterol, a β 2-adrenergic agonist). [1] Common side effects include sore throat, muscle cramps, and ...
Ipratropium is a derivative of atropine [3] but is a quaternary amine and therefore does not cross the blood–brain barrier, which prevents central side effects. Ipratropium should never be used in place of salbutamol (albuterol) as a rescue medication.
Rarer side effects may indicate a dangerous allergic reaction. These include: paradoxical bronchospasm (shortness of breath and difficulty breathing); skin itching, rash, or hives ( urticaria ); swelling ( angioedema ) of any part of the face or throat (which can lead to voice hoarseness ), or swelling of the extremities.
Salbutamol, also known as albuterol and sold under the brand name Ventolin among others, [1] is a medication that opens up the medium and large airways in the lungs. [8] It is a short-acting β 2 adrenergic receptor agonist that causes relaxation of airway smooth muscle . [ 8 ]
More severe effects, such as pulmonary edema, myocardial ischemia, and cardiac arrhythmia, are exceptional.) [6] [7] [1] Overuse of β 2 agonists and asthma treatment without proper inhaled corticosteroid use has been associated with an increased risk of asthma exacerbations and asthma-related hospitalizations. [ 8 ]
Some examples of anticholinergics are tiotropium (Spiriva) and ipratropium bromide. [citation needed] Tiotropium is a long-acting, 24-hour, anticholinergic bronchodilator used in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Only available as an inhalant, ipratropium bromide is used in the treatment of asthma and COPD.
Muscarinic antagonists such as ipratropium bromide can also be effective in treating asthma, since acetylcholine is known to cause smooth muscle contraction, especially in the bronchi Further information: Cholinergic crisis § Treatment
Fenoterol is a β adrenoreceptor agonist.It is classed as sympathomimetic β 2 agonist and an inhaled bronchodilator asthma medication.. Fenoterol is produced and sold by Boehringer Ingelheim as Berotec N and in combination with ipratropium as Berodual N.