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  2. RNA hydrolysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA_hydrolysis

    RNA hydrolysis occurs when the deprotonated 2’ OH of the ribose, acting as a nucleophile, attacks the adjacent phosphorus in the phosphodiester bond of the sugar-phosphate backbone of the RNA. [1] There is a transition state (shown above), where the phosphorus is bonded to five oxygen atoms. [ 2 ]

  3. Non-nucleophilic base - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-nucleophilic_base

    Normal bases are also nucleophiles, but often chemists seek the proton-removing ability of a base without any other functions. Typical non-nucleophilic bases are bulky, such that protons can attach to the basic center but alkylation and complexation is inhibited.

  4. Nucleophile - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleophile

    A hydroxide ion acting as a nucleophile in an S N 2 reaction, converting a haloalkane into an alcohol. In chemistry, a nucleophile is a chemical species that forms bonds by donating an electron pair. All molecules and ions with a free pair of electrons or at least one pi bond can act as nucleophiles. Because nucleophiles donate electrons, they ...

  5. Chichibabin reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chichibabin_reaction

    Following the addition elimination mechanism first a nucleophilic NH 2 − is added while a hydride (H −) is leaving. The reaction formally is a nucleophilic substitution of hydrogen S N H. Ciganek describes an example of an intramolecular Chichibabin reaction in which a nitrile group on a fused ring is the source of nitrogen in amination. [2]

  6. NYT ‘Connections’ Hints and Answers Today, Wednesday, December 11

    www.aol.com/nyt-connections-hints-answers-today...

    2. To function properly, these items require a vigorous, up-and-down motion before use. 3. A blending of names/terms to create something new. 4. The words in this category end with terms ...

  7. Outline of cell biology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_cell_biology

    Light micrograph of a moss's leaf cells at 400X magnification. The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to cell biology: . Cell biology – A branch of biology that includes study of cells regarding their physiological properties, structure, and function; the organelles they contain; interactions with their environment; and their life cycle, division, and death.

  8. College Football Playoff rankings: Ohio State slips, Miami ...

    www.aol.com/college-football-playoff-rankings...

    The suspense was centered on how far Ohio State, ranked No. 2 last week, would fall after its loss to Michigan and whether Miami, ranked No. 6 last week, would see its at-large hopes damaged after ...

  9. Cruise Into Christmas with the Best Drive-Through Holiday ...

    www.aol.com/cruise-christmas-best-drive-holiday...

    Get ready to light up your holidays with this 2.5-mile drive-through extravaganza! Take a ride bursting with festive scenes, glowing characters, and enough twinkling lights to make your car feel ...