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The dash ( ‒ , – , — ) and hyphen or hyphen-minus - is used: as a line continuation when a word is broken across two lines; to apply a prefix to a word for which there is no canonical compound word; as a replacement for a comma, when the subsequent clause significantly shifts the primary focus of the preceding text.
[required in place of hyphen] marks reduplication and retriplication (e.g. Ancient Greek γέγρᾰφᾰ (gé~graph-a) PRF ~write-1SG 'I have written', with word-initial reduplication) [ 2 ] [required in place of hyphen] marks off an infix (e.g. ITER Vb is word-initial infixation that makes the verb iterative)
Examples Spaced (or open) The words are not visibly connected in writing. place name, ice cream: Hyphenated A hyphen is used to join the words. place-name, hunter-gatherer: Solid (or closed) When written, there is no space or intervening punctuation. placename, scarecrow
The part-of-speech field is used to disambiguate 770 of the words which have differing pronunciations depending on their part-of-speech. For example, for the words spelled close, the verb has the pronunciation / ˈ k l oʊ z /, whereas the adjective is / ˈ k l oʊ s /. The parts-of-speech have been assigned the following codes:
In article text, do not use a capital letter after a hyphen except for terms that would ordinarily be capitalized in running prose, such as proper names (e.g. demonyms and brand names): Graeco-Roman and Mediterranean-style, but not Gandhi-Like. Letters used as designations are treated as names for this purpose: a size-A drill bit.
Scriptio continua (Latin for 'continuous script'), also known as scriptura continua or scripta continua, is a style of writing without spaces or other marks between the words or sentences. The form also lacks punctuation , diacritics , or distinguished letter case .
1. All of these words sound like a specific letter in the alphabet. 2. These items are known for their notched edges. 3. Expressions that show mild frustration. 4. Features of a flowing body of water.
Some words contain silent letters, which do not represent any sound in modern English pronunciation. Examples include the l in talk, half, calf, etc., the w in two and sword, gh as mentioned above in numerous words such as though, daughter, night, brought, and the commonly encountered silent e (discussed further below).