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A secondary ossification center is the area of ossification that appears after the primary ossification center has already appeared – most of which appear during the postnatal and adolescent years. Most bones have more than one secondary ossification center. In long bones, the secondary centers appear in the epiphyses. [2]
Most primary ossification centers have appeared in the diaphyses of bone. Birth to five years Secondary ossification centers appear in the epiphyses five years to 12 years in females, 5 to 14 years in males Ossification is spreading rapidly from the ossification centers and various bones are becoming ossified. 17 to 20 years
During the postnatal life, a secondary ossification center appears in each end of long bones. In these secondary centers, cartilage is converted to bone similarly to that occurring in a primary ossification center. [8] As the secondary ossification centers enlarge, residual cartilage persists in two distinct locations: [11]
Primary bone is the first bone tissue that appears in embryonic development and in fracture repair. It is characterized by its random position of collagen fibers. In most places in adults this tissue is replaced by secondary bone tissue except, for example, near the sutures of calvara or tooth sockets .
Endochondral ossification occurs in long bones and most other bones in the body; it involves the development of bone from cartilage. This process includes the development of a cartilage model, its growth and development, development of the primary and secondary ossification centers, and the formation of articular cartilage and the epiphyseal ...
The primary center of ossification is the area where bone growth occurs between the periosteum and the bone. Osteogenic cells that originate from the periosteum increase appositional growth and a bone collar is formed. The bone collar is eventually mineralized and lamellar bone is formed.
However, the secondary center of ossification may have evolved multiple times, having been found in the Jurassic sphenodont Sapheosaurus as well as in the therapsid Niassodon mfumukasi. [8] [9] The epiphysis is filled with red bone marrow, which produces erythrocytes (red blood cells).
The long, relatively straight main body of a long bone; region of primary ossification. Also known as the shaft. dia-+ physis, "between the growth parts" epiphysis: The end regions of a long bone; regions of secondary ossification. epi-+ physis, "on top of the growth part" physis (epiphyseal plate) Also known as the growth plate.