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  2. Immunoglobulin G - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoglobulin_G

    The water-accessible surface area of an IgG antibody. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is a type of antibody. Representing approximately 75% of serum antibodies in humans, IgG is the most common type of antibody found in blood circulation. [1] IgG molecules are created and released by plasma B cells. Each IgG antibody has two paratopes.

  3. Immunoglobulin heavy chain - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoglobulin_heavy_chain

    Each heavy chain has two regions: a constant region (which is the same for all immunoglobulins of the same class but differs between classes).. Heavy chains γ, α and δ have a constant region composed of three tandem (in a line next to each other) immunoglobulin domains but also have a hinge region for added flexibility.

  4. Heavy-chain antibody - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy-chain_antibody

    The only mammals with heavy-chain (IgG-like) antibodies are camelids such as dromedaries, camels, llamas and alpacas. [6] This is a secondary development: The heavy chains of these antibodies have lost one of their constant domains (C H 1) and undergone modifications in the variable domain (V H ), both structural elements necessary for the ...

  5. Immunoglobulin class switching - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoglobulin_class_switching

    Mechanism of class-switch recombination that allows isotype switching in activated B cells. Immunoglobulin class switching, also known as isotype switching, isotypic commutation or class-switch recombination (CSR), is a biological mechanism that changes a B cell's production of immunoglobulin from one type to another, such as from the isotype IgM to the isotype IgG. [1]

  6. Isotype (immunology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotype_(immunology)

    The IgG, IgE and IgA antibody isotypes are generated following class-switching during germinal centre reaction and provide different effector functions in response to specific antigens. IgG is the most abundant antibody class in the serum and it is divided into 4 subclasses based on differences in the structure of the constant region genes and ...

  7. Classical complement pathway - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_complement_pathway

    [2] [16] Among the many functions of C1q, C1q triggers clearance of immune complexes and apoptotic cells by activating the classical pathway and binding directly onto phagocytes. [ 1 ] [ 17 ] Consequently, systemic lupus erythematosus from insufficient amounts of C1q is characterized by the accumulation of autoantibodies and apoptotic cells. [ 4 ]

  8. Antibody elution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibody_elution

    An antibody elution removes bound antibody from the surface of a red blood cell to aid in the antibody identification process. An antibody elution is a clinical laboratory diagnostic procedure which removes sensitized antibodies from red blood cells, in order to determine the blood group system antigen the antibody targets. [1]

  9. Complementarity-determining region - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complementarity...

    The "upper" part of an antibody.The complementarity-determining regions of the heavy chain are shown in red (. Complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) are polypeptide segments of the variable chains in immunoglobulins (antibodies) and T cell receptors, generated by B-cells and T-cells respectively.