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  2. Cellular differentiation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_differentiation

    Three basic categories of cells make up the mammalian body: germ cells, somatic cells, and stem cells.Each of the approximately 37.2 trillion (3.72x10 13) cells in an adult human has its own copy or copies of the genome except certain cell types, such as red blood cells, that lack nuclei in their fully differentiated state.

  3. Germ-Soma Differentiation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germ-Soma_Differentiation

    In addition, stem cell are undifferentiated cells which can develop into a specialized cell and are the earliest type of cell in a cell lineage. [2] Due to the differentiation in function, somatic cells are found only in multicellular organisms, as in unicellular ones the purposes of somatic and germ cells are consolidated in one cell.

  4. Developmental biology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developmental_biology

    Cell differentiation is usually the final stage of development, preceded by several states of commitment which are not visibly differentiated. A single tissue, formed from a single type of progenitor cell or stem cell, often consists of several differentiated cell types.

  5. Epigenetics in stem-cell differentiation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigenetics_in_stem-cell...

    Embryonic stem cells exhibit dramatic and complex alterations to both global and site-specific chromatin structures. Lee et al. performed an experiment to determine the importance of deacetylation and acetylation for stem cell differentiation by looking at global acetylation and methylation levels at certain site-specific modification in histone sites H3K9 and H3K4.

  6. Cell fate determination - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_fate_determination

    During embryogenesis, for a number of cell cleavages (the specific number depends on the type of organism) all the cells of an embryo will be morphologically and developmentally equivalent. This means, each cell has the same development potential and all cells are essentially interchangeable, thus establishing an equivalence group. The ...

  7. Organogenesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organogenesis

    The cells of each of the three germ layers undergo differentiation, a process where less-specialized cells become more-specialized through the expression of a specific set of genes. Cell differentiation is driven by cell signaling cascades. [2]

  8. Cell (biology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_(biology)

    Most distinct cell types arise from a single totipotent cell, called a zygote, that differentiates into hundreds of different cell types during the course of development. Differentiation of cells is driven by different environmental cues (such as cellcell interaction) and intrinsic differences (such as those caused by the uneven distribution ...

  9. Directed differentiation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directed_differentiation

    Directed differentiation is a bioengineering methodology at the interface of stem cell biology, developmental biology and tissue engineering. [1] It is essentially harnessing the potential of stem cells by constraining their differentiation in vitro toward a specific cell type or tissue of interest. [2]