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The R 0 is particularly relevant where sex ratios at birth are significantly affected by the use of reproductive technologies, or where life expectancy is low. [ citation needed ] The current (2015–20) estimate for the R 0 worldwide under the UN's medium variant model is 1.09 daughters per woman.
The net reproduction rate (R 0) is the number of surviving daughters per woman and an important indicator of the population's reproductive rate. If R 0 is one, the population replaces itself and would stay without any migration and emigration at a stable level. If the R 0 is less than one, the reproductive performance of the population is below ...
Net Reproduction Rate (NRR) - the NRR starts with the GRR and adds the realistic assumption that some of the women will die before age 49; therefore they will not be alive to bear some of the potential babies that were counted in the GRR. NRR is always lower than GRR, but in countries where mortality is very low, almost all the baby girls grow ...
Replacement-level fertility in terms of the net reproduction rate (NRR) is exactly one, because the NRR takes both mortality rates and sex ratios at birth into account. As of 2010, about 48% (3.3 billion people) of the world population lives in nations with sub-replacement fertility. [ 3 ]
An alternative measure of fertility is the net reproduction rate (NRR), which calculates the number of daughters a female would have in her lifetime if she were subject to prevailing age-specific fertility and mortality rates in a given year. When the NRR is exactly 1, each generation of females is precisely replacing itself.
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The gross reproduction rate is similar to the net reproduction rate (NRR), the average number of daughters a woman would have if she survived her lifetime subject to the age-specific fertility rate and mortality rate throughout that period.
Replacement fertility is the total fertility rate at which women give birth to enough babies to sustain population levels, assuming that mortality rates remain constant and net migration is zero. [10] If replacement level fertility is sustained over a sufficiently long period, each generation will exactly replace itself. [10]