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[1] [2] [3] It is a divide-and-conquer algorithm that reduces the multiplication of two n-digit numbers to three multiplications of n/2-digit numbers and, by repeating this reduction, to at most โก single-digit multiplications.
Rule: to multiply by 12: Starting from the rightmost digit, double each digit and add the neighbor. (The "neighbor" is the digit on the right.) If the answer is greater than a single digit, simply carry over the extra digit (which will be a 1 or 2) to the next operation. The remaining digit is one digit of the final result.
12 "Nine Nits is all there's Room For" Addition and subtraction less than 10,000 3: 13 "Breaking up is Easy to Do" Multiplication 4: 14 "You Ain't Nothing but a Houndred" Multiplication of 3-digit numbers by single digits 5: 15 "Dividing we Stand" Dividing 3-digit numbers by 2-digit numbers 6: 16 "Double Digit Dating" Multiplying double digit ...
5 is halved (2.5) and 6 is doubled (12). The fractional portion is discarded (2.5 becomes 2). The figure in the left column (2) is even, so the figure in the right column (12) is discarded. 2 is halved (1) and 12 is doubled (24). All not-scratched-out values are summed: 3 + 6 + 24 = 33. The method works because multiplication is distributive, so:
The current number on the board is 12. The first digit of 16 is added to 12, and the second digit of 16 is appended to the result. So the board should be set to: 12 + 1 = 13 → append 6 → 136 Note: If the second column of the square root bone has only one digit, this is appended to the current number on the board.
The grid method (also known as the box method) of multiplication is an introductory approach to multi-digit multiplication calculations that involve numbers larger than ten. Because it is often taught in mathematics education at the level of primary school or elementary school, this algorithm is sometimes called the grammar school method. [1]
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