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Spina bifida (SB; / ˈ s p aɪ n ə ˈ b ɪ f ɪ d ə /; [9] Latin for 'split spine') [10] is a birth defect in which there is incomplete closing of the spine and the membranes around the spinal cord during early development in pregnancy. [1] There are three main types: spina bifida occulta, meningocele and myelomeningocele. [1]
The MOMS Trial was a clinical trial that studied treatment of a birth defect called myelomeningocele, which is the most severe form of spina bifida. The study looked at prenatal (before birth) and postnatal (after birth) surgery to repair this defect. The first major phase concluded that prenatal surgery had strong, long-term benefits and some ...
Spina bifida cystica includes meningocele and myelomeningocele. Meningocele is less severe and is characterized by herniation of the meninges, but not the spinal cord, through the opening in the spinal canal. Myelomeningocele involves herniation of the meninges as well as the spinal cord through the opening. [19] Spina bifida occulta means ...
After birth, exposure of the spinal cord to the outside environment (myelomeningocele or spina bifida) is associated with several morbidities including weakness or sensory deficits in the lower extremities, bladder dysfunction, fluid buildup in the brain and Type 2 Chiari malformations (herniation of the cerebellar vermis and medulla from the ...
In tethered spinal cord cases spina bifida can be accompanied by tethering of the spinal cord but in rare cases with Spina bifida occulta. Tethering of the spinal cord tends to occur in the cases of Spina bifida with mylomeningocele. In most people the spine grows faster than the spinal cord during development which causes the end of the spinal ...
Spina bifida is a birth defect that affects the lowest part of the spine and occurs when a fetus's neural tube does not fully close, causing the backbone that protects the spinal cord not to form ...
Usually accompanied by a lumbar or lumbosacral myelomeningocele, with tonsillar herniation below the foramen magnum. [ 4 ] [ 44 ] Colpocephaly may be seen due to the associated neural tube defect. Paralysis below the spinal bifida defect [ 4 ]
Spina bifida is characterized by a midline cleft in the vertebral arch. It usually causes no symptoms in dogs. It usually causes no symptoms in dogs. It is seen most commonly in Bulldogs and Manx cats. [ 5 ]