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  2. Propyl group - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propyl_group

    A propyl substituent is often represented in organic chemistry with the symbol Pr (not to be confused with the element praseodymium). An isomeric form of propyl is obtained by moving the point of attachment from a terminal carbon atom to the central carbon atom, named isopropyl or 1-methylethyl.

  3. Alkyl group - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkyl_group

    In chemistry, alkyl is a group, a substituent, that is attached to other molecular fragments. For example, alkyl lithium reagents have the empirical formula Li(alkyl), where alkyl = methyl, ethyl, etc. A dialkyl ether is an ether with two alkyl groups, e.g., diethyl ether O(CH 2 CH 3) 2.

  4. IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IUPAC_nomenclature_of...

    •Butyl propyl ketone 9: Non-Pelargonic alcohol: Pelargonaldehyde: Pelargonic acid •Heptyl methyl ketone •Ethyl hexyl ketone •Pentyl propyl ketone •Dibutyl ketone 10: Dec-Capric alcohol: Capraldehyde: Capric acid •Methyl octyl ketone •Ethyl heptyl ketone •Hexyl propyl ketone •Butyl pentyl ketone 11: Undec---- The same pattern ...

  5. Substituent - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substituent

    In a chemical structural formula, an organic substituent such as methyl, ethyl, or aryl can be written as R (or R 1, R 2, etc.) It is a generic placeholder, the R derived from radical or rest, which may replace any portion of the formula as the author finds convenient. The first to use this symbol was Charles Frédéric Gerhardt in 1844. [8]

  6. Alcohol (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol_(chemistry)

    Propyl alcohol may be n-propyl alcohol or isopropyl alcohol, depending on whether the hydroxyl group is bonded to the end or middle carbon on the straight propane chain. As described under systematic naming, if another group on the molecule takes priority, the alcohol moiety is often indicated using the "hydroxy-" prefix.

  7. Skeletal formula - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skeletal_formula

    The skeletal formula of the antidepressant drug escitalopram, featuring skeletal representations of heteroatoms, a triple bond, phenyl groups and stereochemistry. The skeletal formula, line-angle formula, bond-line formula or shorthand formula of an organic compound is a type of molecular structural formula that serves as a shorthand representation of a molecule's bonding and some details of ...

  8. Arene substitution pattern - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arene_substitution_pattern

    In ortho-substitution, two substituents occupy positions next to each other, which may be numbered 1 and 2.In the diagram, these positions are marked R and ortho.; In meta-substitution, the substituents occupy positions 1 and 3 (corresponding to R and meta in the diagram).

  9. ∂ - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%88%82

    The symbol was introduced originally in 1770 by Nicolas de Condorcet, who used it for a partial differential, and adopted for the partial derivative by Adrien-Marie Legendre in 1786. [3] It represents a specialized cursive type of the letter d , just as the integral sign originates as a specialized type of a long s (first used in print by ...