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The words capitalized in titles of works of art (books, paintings, etc.) are: proper nouns (names, cities) the initial word of the title and: if this initial word is a definite article (le, la, les, l'), both the article and its noun (and any modifier between the article and the noun) are capitalized (e.g. Le Grand Meaulnes; La Grande Illusion)
French proper adjectives, like many other French adjectives, can equally well function as nouns; however, proper adjectives are not capitalized. A word denoting a nationality will be capitalized if used as a noun to mean a person (un Français "a Frenchman"), but not if used as an adjective (un médecin français "a French doctor") or as a noun ...
anglophile, francophile, etc.: Words in this category are usually capitalized both as nouns and adjectives, except in Canada, where they sometimes are. anglophone, francophone, etc.: These words are often capitalized in the US as adjectives, and usually as nouns. They are usually not capitalized in other countries, whether as nouns or adjectives.
A number of adjectives (often having to do with beauty, age, goodness, or size, a tendency summarized by the acronym "BAGS"), come before their nouns: une belle femme ("a beautiful woman"). With a few adjectives of the latter type, there are two masculine singular forms: one used before consonants (the basic form), and one used before vowels.
Rule 3. The word 'et' is a copula that joins two separate phrases. The caps rules reset, so we capitalise the first noun in the second phrase = Le Rouge et le Noir La Grande Vaudrille. Rule 1 doesn't apply. Rule 2: capitalise the first noun and any preceding advectives/ adverbs = La Grande Vaudrille Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry.
The French indefinite article is analogous to the English indefinite article a/an. Like a/an, the French indefinite article is used with a noun referring to a non-specific item, or to a specific item when the speaker and audience do not both know what the item is; so, « J'ai cassé une chaise rouge » ("I broke a red chair").
For as long as Trump has been tweeting, he's demonstrated a bizarre habit of capitalizing words that typically don't get capitalized. He routinely capitalizes words like border, country, safety ...
The capitalization of geographic terms in English text generally depends on whether the author perceives the term as a proper noun, in which case it is capitalized, or as a combination of an established proper noun with a normal adjective or noun, in which case the latter are not capitalized. There are no universally agreed lists of English ...