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Copper roofs can be designed to meet or surpass other materials in terms of energy savings. A vented copper roof assembly at Oak Ridge National Laboratories (U.S.) substantially reduced heat gain versus stone-coated steel shingle (SR246E90) or asphalt shingle (SR093E89), resulting in lower energy costs. [90] Types of copper roofs include: [91]
The Romans used copper as roof covering for the Pantheon in 27 BCE. [3] Centuries later, copper and its alloys were integral in European medieval architecture . The copper roof of St. Mary's Cathedral, Hildesheim , installed in 1280 CE , survived until its destruction during bombings in World War II. [ 4 ]
The original campus at the University of Alabama was modeled after Jefferson's Rotunda and Lawn. The Rotunda there, completed in 1833, also contained the university's library. However, it and most of the other public campus buildings were burned as part of Wilson's Raid during the American Civil War.
Ranelagh Gardens in London, built in the 1740s and demolished in 1805. It was painted by Canaletto. Pantheon, London, opened 1772, demolished in 1937. The leisure centre at Fort Regent, in St Helier, Jersey, a regular venue for shows, concerts and events; The internal Rotunda in the Michael Maddox Petrovsky Theatre, Moscow (burnt down in 1805).
Facade of the Pantheon, Rome. By far the most famous roofed round Roman building is the Pantheon, Rome.However this sharply differs from other classical tholoi in that it is entered though a very large flat temple front with a projecting portico with three rows of columns, while the rest of the exterior is a blank wall without columns or windows, so the circular form is rather obscured from ...
The Pantheon's roof was originally covered with gilt bronze tiles, but these were removed in 663 by Emperor Constans II and replaced with lead roofing. [ 28 ] [ 59 ] The function of the Pantheon remains an open question.
Archaeologists discovered a wooden Celtic burial chamber inside a southern Germany burial mound. Dated to between 620 and 450 B.C., these mounds were reserved for high-ranking individuals.
The Altes Museum in Berlin, built in 1828 by Karl Schinkel, included a dome in its entrance hall inspired by the Roman Pantheon. [32] Large neoclassical domes include the Rotunda of Mosta in Malta, was completed in 1840 with a dome 38 meters wide, and San Carlo al Corso in Milan, completed in 1847 with a dome 32 meters wide. [33]