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In aviation, the instrument landing system (ILS) is a precision radio navigation system that provides short-range guidance to aircraft to allow them to approach a runway at night or in bad weather. In its original form, it allows an aircraft to approach until it is 200 feet (61 m) over the ground, within a 1 ⁄ 2 mile (800 m) of the runway.
Localizer (LOC) and glide path (G/P) (a.k.a. glide slope [G/S]) carrier frequencies are paired so that the navigation radio automatically tunes the G/S frequency which corresponds to the selected LOC frequency. The LOC signal is in the 110 MHz range while the G/S signal is in the 330 MHz range. [3]
Emission patterns of the localizer and glide slope signals Glide slope station for runway 09R at Hannover Airport in Germany. In aviation, instrument landing system glide path, commonly referred to as a glide path (G/P) or glide slope (G/S), is "a system of vertical guidance embodied in the instrument landing system which indicates the vertical deviation of the aircraft from its optimum path ...
VORs are assigned radio channels between 108.0 MHz and 117.95 MHz (with 50 kHz spacing); this is in the very high frequency (VHF) range. The first 4 MHz is shared with the instrument landing system (ILS) band. In the United States, frequencies within the pass band of 108.00 to 111.95 MHz which have an even 100 kHz first digit after the decimal ...
In aviation, distance measuring equipment (DME) is a radio navigation technology that measures the slant range (distance) between an aircraft and a ground station by timing the propagation delay of radio signals in the frequency band between 960 and 1215 megahertz (MHz). Line-of-visibility between the aircraft and ground station is required.
Locator Outer Marker (LOM), a High Frequency (HF) Non-Directional Beacon, co-located with an "outer marker" (OM) 75-MHz Marker Beacon. Middle marker antenna at KONT A marker beacon is a particular type of VHF radio beacon used in aviation , usually in conjunction with an instrument landing system (ILS), to give pilots a means to determine ...
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The difference in the depth of modulation (DDM) is used by instrument landing systems in conjunction with the associated airborne receiving equipment to define a position in airspace. [1] DDM is usually expressed in percentage but may also be expressed in microamperes.