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Restorative justice is an approach to justice that aims to repair the harm done to victims. [1] [2] In doing so, practitioners work to ensure that offenders take responsibility for their actions, to understand the harm they have caused, to give them an opportunity to redeem themselves, and to discourage them from causing further harm.
Howard J. Zehr (born July 2, 1944) is an American criminologist.Zehr is considered to be a pioneer of the modern concept of restorative justice. [2] [3]He is Distinguished Professor of Restorative Justice at Eastern Mennonite University's Center for Justice and Peacebuilding and Co-director Emeritus of the Zehr Institute for Restorative Justice.
Restorative practices has its roots in restorative justice, a way of looking at criminal justice that emphasizes repairing the harm done to people and relationships rather than only punishing offenders. [11] In the modern context, restorative justice originated in the 1970s as mediation or reconciliation between victims and offenders.
Swedish multiplicities are obliged to offer mediation, based on restorative justice principles, to offenders under 21 years old, with the aim of reducing cases of recidivism. Mediation is one of several procedural operations available to a prosecutor, and mediation may be issued as a lenient sentence for an offender.
Peacemaking criminology emerged from work in anarchist criminology, which applies anarchist principles to criminological inquiry. [2] Jeff Shantz and Dana M. Williams argue that the thought of Pierre-Joseph Proudhon was a precursor of peacemaking criminology and restorative justice. [3]
Restorative justice principles require the offender to make amends to the victim and/or the community and provide opportunities for victims and community members to participate in the juvenile justice process, providing valued input in decision making. Because of the active role the victim plays, qualitative assessments can be made into victim ...
The organisation also launched the Grandmothers Justice Program in Central Australia, working in remote communities along the Plenty Highway to support the mothers and grandmothers whose young people are engaged in the youth justice system. [21] In 2018, Jesuit Social Services established the Ecological Justice Hub, in Brunswick. The Hub is a ...
Alternatives can take the form of fines, restorative justice, transformative justice or no punishment at all. Capital punishment , corporal punishment and electronic monitoring are also alternatives to imprisonment, but are not promoted by modern prison reform movements for decarceration due to them being carceral in nature.