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The Constitution of the Philippines (Filipino: Saligang Batas ng Pilipinas or Konstitusyon ng Pilipinas) is the supreme law of the Philippines. Its final draft was completed by the Constitutional Commission on October 12, 1986, and ratified by a nationwide plebiscite on February 2, 1987.
The Supreme Court (Filipino: Kataas-taasang Hukuman; [2] colloquially referred to as the Korte Suprema (also used in formal writing), is the highest court in the Philippines. The Supreme Court was established by the Second Philippine Commission on June 11, 1901 through the enactment of its Act No. 136, [3] an Act which abolished the Real ...
The Political Constitution of 1899 (Spanish: Constitución Política de 1899), informally known as the Malolos Constitution, was the constitution of the First Philippine Republic. It was written by Felipe Calderón y Roca and Felipe Buencamino as an alternative to a pair of proposals to the Malolos Congress by Apolinario Mabini and Pedro Paterno .
The constitution written by the Malolos Congress was proclaimed on January 22, 1899, creating what is known today as the First Philippine Republic, with Aguinaldo as its president. [27] [22] The constitution was approved by delegates to the Malolos Congress on January 20, 1899, and sanctioned by Aguinaldo the next day. [27]
The law replaced the Philippine Organic Act of 1902 and acted as a constitution of the Philippines from its enactment until 1934, when the Tydings–McDuffie Act was passed (which in turn led eventually to the Commonwealth of the Philippines and to independence from the United States). The Jones Law created the first fully elected Philippine ...
A civil government is established in the Philippines with William Howard Taft as the first Civil Governor (1901–1904). July 18 – The US organizes the Philippine Constabulary. July 31 – US Philippine Commission Act 183 is enacted, incorporating Manila as the country's first city; it would take effect on August 7. [2]
The court should never fail to enforce the Constitution because of the political preferences of the justices or for the sake of political expediency. But that is exactly what is likely to happen ...
From 1901 to 1922, the U.S. Supreme Court wrestled with the constitutional status of these governments in the Insular Cases. [12] In Dorr v. United States (1904), the court ruled that Filipinos did not have a constitutional right to trial by jury. [12] In the Philippines itself, the term "insular" had limited usage.