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The work done is given by the dot product of the two vectors, where the result is a scalar. When the force F is constant and the angle θ between the force and the displacement s is also constant, then the work done is given by: = If the force is variable, then work is given by the line integral:
Power is the rate with respect to time at which work is done; it is the time derivative of work: =, where P is power, W is work, and t is time.. We will now show that the mechanical power generated by a force F on a body moving at the velocity v can be expressed as the product: = =
The work done W by an external agent which exerts a force F (at r) and torque τ on an object along a curved path C is: W = Δ T = ∫ C ( F ⋅ d r + τ ⋅ n d θ ) {\displaystyle W=\Delta T=\int _{C}\left(\mathbf {F} \cdot \mathrm {d} \mathbf {r} +{\boldsymbol {\tau }}\cdot \mathbf {n} \,{\mathrm {d} \theta }\right)}
The joule (/ dʒ uː l / JOOL, or / dʒ aʊ l / JOWL; symbol: J) is the unit of energy in the International System of Units (SI). [1] It is equal to the amount of work done when a force of one newton displaces a mass through a distance of one metre in the direction of that force.
Thermodynamic work is one of the principal kinds of process by which a thermodynamic system can interact with and transfer energy to its surroundings. This results in externally measurable macroscopic forces on the system's surroundings, which can cause mechanical work, to lift a weight, for example, [1] or cause changes in electromagnetic, [2] [3] [4] or gravitational [5] variables.
The symbol for torque is ... The work done by a variable force acting over a ... The horsepower form of the equation is then derived by applying the conversion factor ...
This article uses the physics sign convention for work, where positive work is work done by the system. Using this convention, by the first law of thermodynamics, The yellow area represents the work done = + where W is work, U is internal energy, and Q is heat. [1] Pressure-volume work by the closed system is defined as:
The work per unit of charge is defined by moving a negligible test charge between two points, and is expressed as the difference in electric potential at those points. The work can be done, for example, by electrochemical devices (electrochemical cells) or different metals junctions [clarification needed] generating an electromotive force.