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  2. David Hume - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Hume

    Hume was born on 26 April 1711, as David Home, in a tenement on the north side of Edinburgh's Lawnmarket.He was the second of two sons born to Catherine Home (née Falconer), daughter of Sir David Falconer of Newton, Midlothian and his wife Mary Falconer (née Norvell), [14] and Joseph Home of Chirnside in the County of Berwick, an advocate of Ninewells.

  3. Empiricism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empiricism

    Empiricists argue that empiricism is a more reliable method of finding the truth than purely using logical reasoning, because humans have cognitive biases and limitations which lead to errors of judgement. [2] Empiricism emphasizes the central role of empirical evidence in the formation of ideas, rather than innate ideas or traditions. [3]

  4. Parmenides - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parmenides

    The single known work by Parmenides is a poem whose original title is unknown but which is often referred to as On Nature. Only fragments of it survive. In his poem, Parmenides prescribes two views of reality. The first, the Way of "Aletheia" or truth, describes how all reality is one, change is impossible, and existence is timeless and uniform.

  5. Søren Kierkegaard - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Søren_Kierkegaard

    Søren Aabye Kierkegaard (/ ˈ s ɒr ə n ˈ k ɪər k ə ɡ ɑːr d / SORR-ən KEER-kə-gard, US also /-ɡ ɔːr /-⁠gor; Danish: [ˈsɶːɐn ˈɔˀˌpyˀ ˈkʰiɐ̯kəˌkɒˀ] ⓘ; [1] 5 May 1813 – 11 November 1855 [2]) was a Danish theologian, philosopher, poet, social critic, and religious author who is widely considered to be the first Christian existentialist philosopher.

  6. Immanuel Kant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immanuel_Kant

    Immanuel Kant [a] (born Emanuel Kant; 22 April 1724 – 12 February 1804) was a German philosopher and one of the central Enlightenment thinkers. Born in Königsberg, Kant's comprehensive and systematic works in epistemology, metaphysics, ethics, and aesthetics have made him one of the most influential and controversial figures in modern Western philosophy.

  7. De rerum natura - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_rerum_natura

    The poem consists of six untitled books, in dactylic hexameter.The first three books provide a fundamental account of being and nothingness, matter and space, the atoms and their movement, the infinity of the universe both as regards time and space, the regularity of reproduction (no prodigies, everything in its proper habitat), the nature of mind (animus, directing thought) and spirit (anima ...

  8. George Berkeley - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Berkeley

    George Berkeley (/ ˈ b ɑːr k l i / BARK-lee; [5] [6] 12 March 1685 – 14 January 1753) – known as Bishop Berkeley (Bishop of Cloyne of the Anglican Church of Ireland) – was an Anglo-Irish philosopher whose primary achievement was the advancement of a theory he called "immaterialism" (later referred to as "subjective idealism" by others).

  9. An Essay Concerning Human Understanding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Essay_Concerning_Human...

    Some European philosophers saw the book's impact on psychology as comparable to Isaac Newton's impact upon science. Voltaire wrote: [ 12 ] Just as a skilled anatomist explains the workings of the human body, so does Locke's Essay on the Human Understanding give the natural history of consciousness.…