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Experts in the psychology of misinformation spent a year analyzing existing scientific literature on the topic to develop the report, which is titled “Using Psychological Science to Understand ...
Fake news websites are those which intentionally, but not necessarily solely, publish hoaxes and disinformation for purposes other than news satire.Some of these sites use homograph spoofing attacks, typosquatting and other deceptive strategies similar to those used in phishing attacks to resemble genuine news outlets.
Misinformation has been spread during many health crises. [17] [28] For example, misinformation about alternative treatments was spread during the Ebola outbreak in 2014–2016. [37] [38] During the COVID-19 pandemic, the proliferation of mis- and dis-information was exacerbated by a general lack of health literacy. [39]
The misinformation effect is an example of retroactive interference which occurs when information presented later interferes with the ability to retain previously encoded information. Individuals have also been shown to be susceptible to incorporating misleading information into their memory when it is presented within a question. [ 5 ]
But because of the misinformation and anti-information promoted by some social and media outlets, it can be challenging for some people to discern between reputable versus misinformation."
At first, the illusory truth effect was believed to occur only when individuals are highly uncertain about a given statement. [1] Psychologists also assumed that "outlandish" headlines wouldn't produce this effect however, recent research shows the illusory truth effect is indeed at play with false news. [5]
Psychological warfare is sometimes considered synonymous with propaganda. The principal distinction is that propaganda occurs typically within a nation, whereas psychological warfare usually takes place between nations, often during war or the cold war. Various techniques influence a target's values, beliefs, emotions, motives, reasoning, or ...
Most current research is based on inoculation theory, a social psychological and communication theory that explains how an attitude or belief can be protected against persuasion or influence in much the same way a body can be protected against disease – for example, through pre-exposure to weakened versions of a stronger, future threat. The ...