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  2. List of minerals - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_minerals

    This is a list of minerals which have Wikipedia articles. Minerals are distinguished by various chemical and physical properties. Differences in chemical composition and crystal structure distinguish the various species .

  3. List of rock types - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_rock_types

    The following is a list of rock types recognized by geologists. There is no agreed number of specific types of rock. Any unique combination of chemical composition, mineralogy, grain size, texture, or other distinguishing characteristics can describe a rock type. Additionally, different classification systems exist for each major type of rock. [1]

  4. Mineral - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral

    In rocks, some mineral species and groups are much more abundant than others; these are termed the rock-forming minerals. The major examples of these are quartz, the feldspars, the micas, the amphiboles, the pyroxenes, the olivines, and calcite; except for the last one, all of these minerals are silicates. [39]

  5. List of minerals recognized by the International ...

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_minerals...

    The merging of the 'ARD List' (approved, revalidated and discredited) with the 'GQN List' resulted in the first 'IMA/CNMNC List of Mineral Names'. The 2007 draft of the 'IMA/CNMNC List of Mineral Names' was a courtesy of the Materials Data, Inc. (MDI), its 2009 review had important modifications.

  6. Rock (geology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_(geology)

    The proportion of silica in rocks and minerals is a major factor in determining their names and properties. [7] Rock outcrop along a mountain creek near Orosí, Costa Rica. Rocks are classified according to characteristics such as mineral and chemical composition, permeability, texture of the constituent particles, and particle size.

  7. Earth materials - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_materials

    Earth materials include minerals, rocks, soil and water. These are the naturally occurring materials found on Earth that constitute the raw materials upon which our global society exists. Earth materials are vital resources that provide the basic components for life, agriculture and industry. [1] [2] [3]

  8. Lithology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithology

    Igneous rocks are formed directly from magma, which is a mixture of molten rock, dissolved gases, and solid crystals. Sedimentary rock is formed from mineral or organic particles that collect at the Earth's surface and become lithified. Metamorphic rock forms by recrystallization of existing solid rock under conditions of great heat or pressure ...

  9. Primary mineral - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_mineral

    Minerals in soils are found in two types; primary and secondary. [5] "A primary mineral has not been altered chemically since its crystallization from a cooling magma." [5] Additionally, a primary mineral is defined as a mineral that is found in soil but not formed in soil, whereas secondary minerals are formed during weathering of

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