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MARC 21 is a result of the combination of the United States and Canadian MARC formats (USMARC and CAN/MARC). MARC 21 is based on the NISO/ANSI standard Z39.2, which allows users of different software products to communicate with each other and to exchange data. [3] MARC 21 allows the use of two character sets, either MARC-8 or Unicode encoded ...
Avram is the author of the book, MARC, its history and implications, published by the Library of Congress in 1975. [12] In order to ensure that MARC would be adopted nationwide, she worked with the American Library Association and the American National Standards Institute to make it a national standard.
The Library of Congress' Network Development and MARC Standards Office, with interested experts, developed the Metadata Object Description Schema (MODS) in 2002 for a bibliographic element set that may be used for a variety of purposes, and particularly for library applications.
The MARC Standards, which BIBFRAME seeks to replace, were developed by Henriette Avram [2] at the U.S. Library of Congress during the 1960s. By 1971, MARC formats had become the national standard for dissemination of bibliographic data in the United States, and the international standard by 1973.
The LC Linked Data Service is an initiative of the Library of Congress that publishes authority data as linked data. [1] It is commonly referred to by its URI: id.loc.gov. [2] The first offering of the LC Linked Data Service was the Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) dataset, which was released in April 2009. [3]
The Library of Congress (LOC) is a research library in Washington, D.C., ... Henriette Avram: Developed the MARC format (Machine Readable Cataloging), ...
Rules governing the creation of MARC catalog records include not only formal cataloging rules such as Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, second edition (AACR2), [39] Resource Description and Access (RDA) [40] but also rules specific to MARC, available from both the U.S. Library of Congress and from OCLC, which builds and maintains WorldCat. [41]
MARCXML - a direct mapping of the MARC standard to XML syntax; METS - a schema for aggregating in a single XML file descriptive, administrative, and structural metadata about a digital object; MODS - a schema for a bibliographic element set and maintained by the Network Development and MARC Standards Office of the Library of Congress [6]