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In C and C++ arrays do not support the size function, so programmers often have to declare separate variable to hold the size, and pass it to procedures as a separate parameter. Elements of a newly created array may have undefined values (as in C), or may be defined to have a specific "default" value such as 0 or a null pointer (as in Java).
typedef is a reserved keyword in the programming languages C, C++, and Objective-C.It is used to create an additional name (alias) for another data type, but does not create a new type, [1] except in the obscure case of a qualified typedef of an array type where the typedef qualifiers are transferred to the array element type. [2]
The primary facility for accessing the values of the elements of an array is the array subscript operator. To access the i-indexed element of array, the syntax would be array[i], which refers to the value stored in that array element. Array subscript numbering begins at 0 (see Zero-based indexing). The largest allowed array subscript is ...
Arrays can be initialized with a compound initializer, but not assigned. Arrays are passed to functions by passing a pointer to the first element. Multidimensional arrays are defined as "array of array …", and all except the outermost dimension must have compile-time constant size:
The definition of the list's elements. Expansion(s) of the list to generate fragments of declarations or statements. The list is defined by a macro or header file (named, LIST) which generates no code by itself, but merely consists of a sequence of invocations of a macro (classically named "X") with the elements' data.
In C, declaring a new type with the same name as an existing struct, union or enum is valid, but it is invalid in C++, because in C, struct, union, and enum types must be indicated as such whenever the type is referenced whereas in C++, all declarations of such types carry the typedef implicitly.
A class in C++ is a user-defined type or data structure declared with any of the keywords class, struct or union (the first two are collectively referred to as non-union classes) that has data and functions (also called member variables and member functions) as its members whose access is governed by the three access specifiers private, protected or public.
The following containers are defined in the current revision of the C++ standard: array, vector, list, forward_list, deque. Each of these containers implements different algorithms for data storage, which means that they have different speed guarantees for different operations: [1] array implements a compile-time non-resizable array.