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Poincaré discovered the remaining relativistic velocity transformations and recorded them in a letter to Hendrik Lorentz in 1905. Thus he obtained perfect invariance of all of Maxwell's equations , an important step in the formulation of the theory of special relativity , for which he is also credited with laying down the foundations for, [ 9 ...
Werner Karl Heisenberg (/ ˈ h aɪ z ən b ɜːr ɡ /; [2] German: [ˈvɛʁnɐ ˈhaɪzn̩bɛʁk] ⓘ; 5 December 1901 – 1 February 1976) [3] was a German theoretical physicist, one of the main pioneers of the theory of quantum mechanics and a principal scientist in the Nazi nuclear weapons program during World War II.
This timeline lists significant discoveries in physics and the laws of nature, including experimental discoveries, theoretical proposals that were confirmed experimentally, and theories that have significantly influenced current thinking in modern physics. Such discoveries are often a multi-step, multi-person process.
The 100-inch (2.5 m) Hooker telescope at Mount Wilson Observatory that Hubble used to measure galaxy distances and a value for the rate of expansion of the universe. Edwin Hubble's arrival at Mount Wilson Observatory, California, in 1919 coincided roughly with the completion of the 100-inch (2.5 m) Hooker Telescope, then
Lamb–Retherford experiment discovered Lamb shift (1947), which led to the development of quantum electrodynamics. Clyde L. Cowan and Frederick Reines confirm the existence of the neutrino in the neutrino experiment. (1955) Claus Jönsson's double-slit experiment with electrons. (1961) The quantum Hall effect, discovered in 1980 by Klaus von ...
Jean-Baptiste Joseph Fourier (/ ˈ f ʊr i eɪ,-i ər /; [1] French: [ʒɑ̃ batist ʒozɛf fuʁje]; 21 March 1768 – 16 May 1830) was a French mathematician and physicist born in Auxerre and best known for initiating the investigation of Fourier series, which eventually developed into Fourier analysis and harmonic analysis, and their applications to problems of heat transfer and vibrations.
Leonhard Euler (/ ˈ ɔɪ l ər / OY-lər; [b] German: [ˈleːɔnhaʁt ˈʔɔʏlɐ] ⓘ, Swiss Standard German: [ˈleɔnhard ˈɔʏlər]; 15 April 1707 – 18 September 1783) was a Swiss polymath, mathematician, physicist, astronomer, geographer, logician, and engineer who founded the studies of graph theory and topology and made pioneering and influential discoveries in many other branches of ...
In the 19th century, the basic laws of electromagnetism and statistical mechanics were discovered. Physics was transformed by the discoveries of quantum mechanics, relativity, and atomic theory at the beginning of the 20th century. Physics today may be divided loosely into classical physics and modern physics.