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The substantial disruption test is a criterion set forth by the United States Supreme Court, in the leading case of Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District, 393 U.S. 503 (1969). [1]
Supreme Court of the United States 38°53′26″N 77°00′16″W / 38.89056°N 77.00444°W / 38.89056; -77.00444 Established March 4, 1789 ; 235 years ago (1789-03-04) Location Washington, D.C. Coordinates 38°53′26″N 77°00′16″W / 38.89056°N 77.00444°W / 38.89056; -77.00444 Composition method Presidential nomination with Senate confirmation Authorised by ...
The children's fathers filed suit in the U.S. District Court, which upheld the decision of the Des Moines school board. A tie vote in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 8th Circuit meant that the U.S. District Court's decision continued to stand, which forced the Tinkers and Eckhardts to appeal to the Supreme Court directly.
Des Moines police have suffered a string of losses in court over their actions during the George Floyd protests in 2020. Now the city is asking the highest court in the country to weigh in.
In Guiles v.Marineau, 461 F.3d 320 (2d.Cir. 2006), [1] cert. denied by 127 S.Ct. 3054 (2007), the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit held that the First and Fourteenth Amendments to the Constitution of the United States protect the right of a student in the public schools to wear a shirt insulting the President of the United States and depicting images relating to drugs and alcohol.
Hazelwood School District et al. v. Kuhlmeier et al., 484 U.S. 260 (1988), was a landmark decision by the Supreme Court of the United States which held, in a 5–3 decision, that student speech in a school-sponsored student newspaper at a public high school could be censored by school officials without a violation of First Amendment rights if the school's actions were "reasonably related" to a ...
The case reached the Supreme Court on November 12, 1968. On February 24, 1969, the Supreme Court found that by suspending Tinker and her peers for wearing the armbands, Des Moines School District violated the students' First Amendment rights. In Tinker, the Supreme Court's decision set the legal standard for student free expression for many years.
The United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit ruled against the town, [5] and on May 20, 2013 the Supreme Court agreed to rule on the issue. [6] On May 5, 2014, the Supreme Court ruled 5–4 in favor of the Town of Greece, holding that the town's practice of beginning legislative sessions with prayer did not violate the ...