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Réti popularized these moves against all defenses in the spirit of hypermodernism, and as the opening developed it gained structure and a clearer distinction between it and other openings. Hans Kmoch called the system of attack employed by Réti in the game Réti–Rubinstein, Carlsbad 1923, [ 5 ] "the Réti Opening" or "the Réti System".
The Fischer Defense to the King's Gambit is a chess opening variation that begins with the moves: 1. e4 e5 2. f4 exf4 3. Nf3 d6. Although 3...d6 was previously known, [1] it did not become a major variation until Fischer advocated it in a famous 1961 article in the first issue of the American Chess Quarterly. [2] [3]
White's fifth move is overprotecting the key c5-square in the Grünfeld Defence, thus aspires to prevent an attack on the pawn centre by c7–c5. The extravagancy of White's idea is that they break at once two opening principles: avoid moving the same piece twice, and avoid placing a knight on the edge of the board.
The opening was named after the German International Master Kurt Richter and later the Soviet master Gavriil Veresov, who played it frequently for over a quarter of a century. Along with the Trompowsky Attack, Colle System, London System, and Torre Attack, the Richter–Veresov Attack is one of the more common branches of the Queen's Pawn Game.
The Tarrasch Defense is a chess opening characterized by the moves: 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 c5. The Tarrasch is a variation of the Queen's Gambit Declined. Black's third move is an aggressive bid for central space. After White plays cxd5 and dxc5, Black will be left with an isolated pawn on d5.
The Durkin Opening (also known as the Durkin Attack or the Sodium Attack) is a rarely played chess opening that consists of the following move: 1. Na3. The Durkin Opening is named for Robert T. Durkin (1923–2014) of New Jersey. The name "Sodium Attack" comes from the algebraic notation 1.Na3, as Na is the chemical symbol for the element sodium.
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Modern Chess Openings (usually called MCO) is a reference book on chess openings, first published in 1911 by the British players Richard Clewin Griffith (1872–1955) and John Herbert White (1880–1920). The fifteenth edition was published in 2008. Harry Golombek called it "the first scientific study of the openings in the twentieth century". [1]