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CSS image replacement is a Web design technique that uses Cascading Style Sheets to replace text on a Web page with an image containing that text. It is intended to keep the page accessible to users of screen readers, text-only web browsers, or other browsers where support for images or style sheets is either disabled or nonexistent, while allowing the image to differ between styles.
Galen Framework is an open source layout and functional testing framework for websites, written in Java, which allows testing the look and feel of responsive websites. It has its own special language Galen Specs for describing the positioning and alignment of elements on a Web page.
Responsive layouts automatically adjust and adapt to any device screen size, whether it is a desktop, a laptop, a tablet, or a mobile phone. Responsive web design became more important as users of mobile devices came to account for the majority of website visitors.
In web design, the holy grail is a web page layout which has multiple equal-height columns that are defined with style sheets. It is commonly desired and implemented, but for many years, the various ways in which it could be implemented with available technologies all had drawbacks. [1]
The first comprehensive draft of a grid layout for CSS was created by Phil Cupp at Microsoft in 2011 and implemented in Internet Explorer 10 behind a -ms-vendor prefix.The syntax was restructured and further refined through several iterations in the CSS Working Group, led primarily by Elika Etemad and Tab Atkins Jr.
In addition to aspects of server-driven content negotiation by content type and by language specified in RFC 7231, there are extensions defining other aspects of content negotiation, such as Memento which describes use of a Accept-Datetime header to retrieve version of a resource's representation at particular points in time [1] and the IETF/W3C's Content Negotiation by Profile [2] which ...
Note: Prefer images in landscape orientation. If you must use one in portrait orientation, avoid very skinny ones. If you must choose a skinny image, then please specify the height as well (e.g., 120x120), but note that if you do so, there will be a gap between left or right edge of the image (depending on the what side of the container the template appears) and the edge of the section.
The Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group (WHATWG) began work on the new standard in 2004. At that time, HTML 4.01 had not been updated since 2000, [10] and the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) was focusing future developments on XHTML 2.0.