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A food-feed system is an integrated livestock-crop production system where crops grown on farms are harvested for human consumption and the crop-residues or by-products are used as feed for livestock. For example, intercropping of cowpeas between rows of cassava. The legumes can enrich soil fertility and enhance the
Agriculture encompasses crop and livestock production, aquaculture, and forestry for food and non-food products. [1] Agriculture was a key factor in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that enabled people to live in the cities.
It uses between 20 and 33% of the world's fresh water, [81] Livestock, and the production of feed for them, occupy about a third of the Earth's ice-free land. [82] Livestock production contributes to species extinction, desertification, [83] and habitat destruction. [84] and is the primary driver of the Holocene extinction.
Crop choice is central to any cropping system. In evaluating whether a given crop will be planted, a farmer must consider its profitability, adaptability to changing conditions, resistance to disease, and requirement for specific technologies during growth or harvesting. [2]
The holistic approach UNI 11233 new European bio standard: an integrated production system looks at and relates to the whole organic and bio farm. The International Organization of Biological Control (IOBC) describes integrated farming according to the UNI 11233-2009 European standard as a farming system where high-quality organic food, animal feed, fiber, and renewable energy are produced by ...
The cultivation of crops alongside the rearing of animals for meat or eggs or milk defines mixed farming. [4] For example, a mixed farm may grow cereal crops, such as wheat or rye, and also keep cattle, sheep, pigs or poultry. Often the dung from the cattle serves to fertilize the crops. Also some of the crops might be used as fodder for the
Intensive crop farming is a modern industrialized form of crop farming.Intensive crop farming's methods include innovation in agricultural machinery, farming methods, genetic engineering technology, techniques for achieving economies of scale in production, the creation of new markets for consumption, patent protection of genetic information, and global trade.
Complete adoption of farming practices like grass-fed beef production systems would increase the amount of agricultural land needed and produce more greenhouse gas emissions. [50] In some regions, livestock grazing has degraded natural environments such as riparian areas. [51] [52] [53]