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  2. Substrate presentation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substrate_presentation

    In molecular biology, substrate presentation is a biological process that activates a protein. The protein is sequestered away from its substrate and then activated by release and exposure to its substrate. [1] [2] A substrate is typically the substance on which an enzyme acts but can also be a protein surface to which a ligand binds. In the ...

  3. Cell adhesion molecule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_adhesion_molecule

    The classic cadherins (E-, N-and P-) are concentrated at the intermediate cell junctions, which link to the actin filament network through specific linking proteins called catenins. [18] Cadherins are notable in embryonic development. For example, cadherins are crucial in gastrulation for the formation of the mesoderm, endoderm, and ectoderm ...

  4. S-layer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-layer

    An S-layer (surface layer) is a part of the cell envelope found in almost all archaea, as well as in many types of bacteria. [1] [2] The S-layers of both archaea and bacteria consists of a monomolecular layer composed of only one (or, in a few cases, two) identical proteins or glycoproteins. [3]

  5. Protein - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein

    The words protein, polypeptide, and peptide are a little ambiguous and can overlap in meaning. Protein is generally used to refer to the complete biological molecule in a stable conformation, whereas peptide is generally reserved for a short amino acid oligomers often lacking a stable 3D structure. But the boundary between the two is not well ...

  6. Human leukocyte antigen - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_leukocyte_antigen

    There are three major and two minor MHC class II proteins encoded by the HLA. The genes of the class II combine to form heterodimeric (αβ) protein receptors that are typically expressed on the surface of antigen-presenting cells. Major MHC class II proteins only occur on antigen-presenting cells, B cells, and T cells. [1] HLA-DP

  7. Cell surface receptor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_surface_receptor

    The G-protein is a trimeric protein, with three subunits designated as α, β, and γ. In response to receptor activation, the α subunit releases bound guanosine diphosphate (GDP), which is displaced by guanosine triphosphate (GTP), thus activating the α subunit, which then dissociates from the β and γ subunits.

  8. Structural Classification of Proteins database - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_Classification...

    membrane and cell surface proteins and peptides [56835] (58): Does not include proteins in the immune system; Small proteins [56992] (90): Usually dominated by metal ligand, cofactor, and/or disulfide bridges; coiled-coil proteins [57942] (7): Not a true class; Low resolution protein structures [58117] (26): Peptides and fragments. Not a true class

  9. Integrin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrin

    In cells, the priming is accomplished by a protein talin, which binds to the β tail of the integrin dimer and changes its conformation. [10] [11] The α and β integrin chains are both class-I transmembrane proteins: they pass the plasma membrane as single transmembrane alpha-helices. Unfortunately, the helices are too long, and recent studies ...

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