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Chain propagation: A radical reacts with a non-radical to produce a new radical species; Chain termination: Two radicals react with each other to create a non-radical species; In a free-radical addition, there are two chain propagation steps. In one, the adding radical attaches to a multiply-bonded precursor to give a radical with lesser bond ...
In algebra, a nested radical is a radical expression (one containing a square root sign, cube root sign, etc.) that contains (nests) another radical expression ...
In mathematics, a sum of radicals is defined as a finite linear combination of n th roots: =, where , are natural numbers and , are real numbers.. A particular special case arising in computational complexity theory is the square-root sum problem, asking whether it is possible to determine the sign of a sum of square roots, with integer coefficients, in polynomial time.
An unresolved root, especially one using the radical symbol, is sometimes referred to as a surd [2] or a radical. [3] Any expression containing a radical, whether it is a square root, a cube root, or a higher root, is called a radical expression, and if it contains no transcendental functions or transcendental numbers it is called an algebraic ...
A solution in radicals or algebraic solution is an expression of a solution of a polynomial equation that is algebraic, that is, relies only on addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, raising to integer powers, and extraction of n th roots (square roots, cube roots, etc.). A well-known example is the quadratic formula
Moreover, there exist more informative radical expressions for n th roots of unity with the additional property [12] that every value of the expression obtained by choosing values of the radicals (for example, signs of square roots) is a primitive n th root of unity. This was already shown by Gauss in 1797. [13]
They may also be performed, in a similar way, on variables, algebraic expressions, [2] and more generally, on elements of algebraic structures, such as groups and fields. [3] An algebraic operation may also be defined more generally as a function from a Cartesian power of a given set to the same set.
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