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Plan of Rudelsburg castle with its neck ditch (D) L-shaped neck ditch at Csobánc castle (Hungary). A neck ditch (German: Halsgraben), [1] [2] sometimes called a throat ditch, [3] [4] is a dry moat that does not fully surround a castle, but only bars the side that is not protected by natural obstacles.
A moat made access to the walls difficult for siege weapons such as siege towers and battering rams, which needed to be brought up against a wall to be effective. A water-filled moat made the practice of mining – digging tunnels under the castles in order to effect a collapse of the defences – very difficult as well.
The Great Wall was a series of fortifications built across the historical northern borders of China. Large tempered earth (i.e. rammed earth) walls were built in ancient China since the Shang dynasty (c. 1600 –1050 BC); the capital at ancient Ao had enormous walls built in this fashion (see siege for more info).
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Plan of the outer and inner baileys of Alt-Trauchburg Castle (Germany). The Graben is the neck ditch, and to its right is the inner bailey, accessible over a wooden bridge. Topoľčany Castle with an inner and an outer bailey. The inner bailey or inner ward of a castle is the strongly fortified enclosure at the heart of a medieval castle. [1]
A fortified tower (also defensive tower or castle tower or, in context, just tower) is one of the defensive structures used in fortifications, such as castles, along with defensive walls such as curtain walls. Castle towers can have a variety of different shapes and fulfil different functions.
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The outermost walls with their integrated bastions and wall towers together make up the enceinte or main defensive line enclosing the site. In medieval designs of castle and town, the curtain walls were often built to a considerable height and were fronted by a ditch or moat to make assault difficult.