Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Mild signs of hypertensive retinopathy can be seen quite frequently in normal people (3–14% of adult individuals aged ≥40 years), even without hypertension. [4] Hypertensive retinopathy is commonly considered a diagnostic feature of a hypertensive emergency although it is not invariably present.
Hypertensive retinopathy with AV nicking and mild vascular tortuosity. Hypertensive retinopathy is a condition characterized by a spectrum of retinal vascular signs in people with elevated blood pressure. [57] It was first described by Liebreich in 1859. [58]
Arterial tortuosity syndrome exhibits autosomal recessive inheritance, and the responsible gene is located at chromosome 20q13. [ 6 ] [ 2 ] The gene associated with arterial tortuosity syndrome is SLC2A10 and has at least 23 mutations in those individuals found to have the aforementioned condition.
This is most commonly seen in eye disease caused by high blood pressure (hypertensive retinopathy). It is thought that, since the arteriole and venule share a common sheath, the arteriole's thicker walls push against those of the venule forcing the venule to collapse. This makes the venule form an hourglass shape around the arteriole.
Similar to hypertensive retinopathy, evidence of nerve fiber infarcts due to ischemia (cotton-wool spots) can be seen on physical exam. Symptoms may include headache, nausea , or vomiting . Chest pain may occur due to increased workload on the heart resulting in inadequate delivery of oxygen to meet the heart muscle's metabolic needs .
Diabetic retinopathy: This condition can induce confusion, particularly in diabetic patients, by causing retinal and vitreous hemorrhages that resemble those in Terson's syndrome. Diabetic retinopathy might be the first thing considered in the absence of a complete neurological history.
Hyperviscosity syndrome is a group of symptoms triggered by an increase in the viscosity of the blood. Symptoms of high blood viscosity include spontaneous bleeding from mucous membranes , visual disturbances due to retinopathy , and neurologic symptoms ranging from headache and vertigo to seizures and coma .
Other symptoms accompanying a hypertensive crisis may include visual deterioration due to retinopathy, breathlessness due to heart failure, or a general feeling of malaise due to kidney failure. [3] Most people with a hypertensive crisis are known to have elevated blood pressure, but additional triggers may have led to a sudden rise. [4]