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Due to Hawaii's isolation 30% of the fish are endemic (unique to the island chain). [1] The Hawaiian Islands comprise 137 islands and atolls, with a land area of 6,423.4 square miles (16,636.5 km 2). [2] This archipelago and its oceans are physiographically and ethnologically part of the Polynesian subregion of Oceania.
Commonly caught fish in Hawaiian waters for poke, found at local seafood counters include (alternate Japanese names are indicated in parentheses): [1] [2] [3] ʻAhi pālaha: albacore tuna (tombo) ʻAhi: bigeye tuna (mebachi) ʻAhi: yellowfin tuna (kihada) Aku: skipjack tuna (katsuo) Aʻu: blue marlin (kajiki), striped marlin (nairagi ...
In the Hawaiian language, āholehole refers to the young stage, [3] and āhole the mature fish. It was sometimes called puaʻa kai , literally "sea pig". [ 4 ] Keahole Point and the Kona International Airport located there are named for the fish. [ 5 ]
The distinctive characteristic of these fish is a scaly sheath around the dorsal and anal fins. The dorsal fin is deeply notched between the 10 spines and the 9 to 13 soft rays. The opercle has two spines, and the anal fin three. Their bodies are compressed and silvery, and they tend to be small, growing to 50 cm at most.
The fish pushes forward with the pectoral fins while detaching the pelvic disk and rapidly undulating the body from side to side. This mechanism allows L. concolor to climb faster and reach further upstream compared to the Awaous Guamensis and other freshwater fish found in Hawaii.
The Hawaiian fishpond was primarily a grazing area in which the fishpond-keeper cultivated algae; much in the way cattle ranchers cultivate grass for their cattle. [3] The porous lava walls let in seawater (or sometimes fresh or brackish water, as in the case of the "Menehune" fishpond near Līhuʻe, Kauaʻi), but prevent the fish from escaping.
Hawaiians bring the baby pua mullets from the sea in barrels, release them during the rainy seasons and then catch the grown fish when the water recedes in the summer. [7] In Halulu Lake, the fish naturally enter the lake from the sea through lava tubes when they are young. [7] The grown fish are often sold at market on Kauaʻi and Oʻahu. [7]
Moano are common reef fish found in shallow water environments, reef flats, and outside reefs. [4] [3] They spend a lot of their time in the benthic zone. They can be found at depths 0 – 161 m deep (0 – 528 ft). [5] They are endemic in three regions: Hawaiʻi, Marquesas, and the Indo-Polynesian Province. [5]