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The IgA dimeric form is the most prevalent and, when it has bound the Secretory component, is also called secretory IgA (sIgA). sIgA is the main immunoglobulin found in mucous secretions, including tears, saliva, sweat, colostrum and secretions from the genitourinary tract, gastrointestinal tract, prostate and respiratory epithelium. It is also ...
Selective immunoglobulin A (IgA) deficiency (SIgAD [1]) is a kind of immunodeficiency, a type of hypogammaglobulinemia. People with this deficiency lack immunoglobulin A (IgA), a type of antibody that protects against infections of the mucous membranes lining the mouth, airways, and digestive tract.
IgA shows the same typical structure of other antibody classes, with two heavy chains and two light chains, and four distinct domains: one variable region, and three variable regions. As a major class of immunoglobulin in body secretions, IgA plays a role in defending against infection , as well as preventing the access of foreign antigens to ...
Proteolysis of the receptor occurs and the dimeric IgA molecule, along with the secretory component, are free to diffuse throughout the lumen. [ 2 ] Secretory components wrap around two IgA units joined by a J chain protein fragment, resulting in a >--< configuration, with each of the two antigen binding regions of the two constituent y-shaped ...
IgA antibodies are divided into two subclasses that differ in the size of their hinge region. [15] IgA1 has a longer hinge region which increases its sensitivity to bacterial proteases. [ 16 ] Therefore, this subclass dominates the serum IgA, while IgA2 is predominantly found in mucosal secretions.
The nasal-associated lymphoid tissue and Peyer’s patches of the small intestine generate IgA immunity. Both use M cells to transport antigen inside the body so that immune responses can be mounted [6]. Because the mucosa surfaces are in constant contact with external antigens and microbiota many immune cells are required.
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Immunoglobulin A is the most well known immune factor in human milk. [2] In its secretory form, SIgA, it is the most plentiful antibody in human milk. [2] [8] It constitutes between 80-90% of all immunoglobulins present in milk. [8]