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A police officer directing traffic after the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake. The Japanese government established a European-style civil police system in 1874, spearheaded by the efforts of statesman Kawaji Toshiyoshi, under the centralized control of the Police Bureau within the Home Ministry to put down internal disturbances and maintain order during the Meiji Restoration.
The rank system defines authority and responsibility in a police organization, [2] and affects the culture within the police force. [3] Police ranks, dependent on country, are similar to military ranks [ 4 ] [ 5 ] in function and design due to policing in many countries developing from military organizations and operations, [ 6 ] such as in ...
Police services of the Empire of Japan were placed under complete centralized control with the Police Affairs Bureau (警保局, Keiho-kyoku) of the Home Ministry at their core. But after the surrender of Japan, the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers regarded this centralized police system as undemocratic. [6]
Osaka City Municipal Police cars, c. 1948 –1955. This photograph predates the prefectural police system. In the Empire of Japan, territorial police forces were organised as departments of police of each prefectural offices (府県警察部, fuken-keisatsu-bu).
Tokyo Detention House. Within the criminal justice system of Japan, there exist three basic features that characterize its operations.First, the institutions—police, government prosecutors' offices, courts, and correctional organs—maintain close and cooperative relations with each other, consulting frequently on how best to accomplish the shared goals of limiting and controlling crime.
In 2006, an analysis by the United Nations indicates an approximate median of 300 police officers per 100,000 inhabitants. [1] Only nine countries disclosed values lower than 100 officers per 100,000 inhabitants. [1] The highest median of police officers – around 400 – was observed in West Asia, Eastern and Southern Europe. [1]
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The division's agents are commonly known as Security Police (SP) (セキュリティポリス, Sekyuritī Porisu). [1] [5] The word "SP" is a loanword used in the Japanese law enforcement system, based on the badge worn by the agents. [3] The SP insignia on a SP officer's business suit