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A branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) is an amino acid having an aliphatic side-chain with a branch (a central carbon atom bound to three or more carbon atoms). Among the proteinogenic amino acids, there are three BCAAs: leucine, isoleucine, and valine. [1] Non-proteinogenic BCAAs include 2-aminoisobutyric acid and alloisoleucine. Leucine ...
Whey protein contains high levels of all the essential amino acids and branched-chain amino acids. It also has the highest content of the amino acid cysteine, which aids in the biosynthesis of glutathione. For bodybuilders, whey protein provides amino acids used to aid in muscle recovery. [15]
The BCAT enzyme catalyzes the conversion of BCAAs and α-ketoglutarate into branched chain α-keto acids and glutamate. The structure to the right of branched chain amino acid aminotransferase was found using X-ray diffraction with a resolution of 2.20 Å. The branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase found in this image was isolated from ...
There are several families that function in amino acid transport, some of these include: TC# 2.A.3 - Amino Acid-Polyamine-Organocation (APC) Superfamily; TC# 2.A.18 - Amino Acid/Auxin Permease (AAAP) Family; TC# 2.A.23 - Dicarboxylate/Amino Acid:Cation (Na + or H +) Symporter (DAACS) Family; TC# 2.A.26 - Branched Chain Amino Acid:Cation ...
In Corynebacterium glutamicum, BrnFE exports branched chain amino acids isoleucine, leucine, and valine, as well as methionine and homoserine. [3] [5] [8] The greatest induction of BrnFE expression occurs under high methionine concentrations, suggesting that methionine may actually be the native substrate rather than a branched-chain amino acid ...
The acetolactate synthase (ALS) enzyme (also known as acetohydroxy acid or acetohydroxyacid synthase, abbr. AHAS) [2] is a protein found in plants and micro-organisms. ALS catalyzes the first step in the synthesis of the branched-chain amino acids (valine, leucine, and isoleucine).
Succinyl CoA can be formed from methylmalonyl CoA through the utilization of deoxyadenosyl-B 12 (deoxyadenosylcobalamin) by the enzyme methylmalonyl-CoA mutase.This reaction, which requires vitamin B 12 as a cofactor, is important in the catabolism of some branched-chain amino acids as well as odd-chain fatty acids.
The Cahill cycle, also known as the alanine cycle or glucose-alanine cycle, [1] is the series of reactions in which amino groups and carbons from muscle are transported to the liver. [2] It is quite similar to the Cori cycle in the cycling of nutrients between skeletal muscle and the liver. [ 1 ]