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Rubble masonry or rubble stone is rough, uneven building stone not laid in regular courses. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It may fill the core of a wall which is faced with unit masonry such as brick or ashlar . Some medieval cathedral walls have outer shells of ashlar with an inner backfill of mortarless rubble and dirt.
This is the simplest arrangement of masonry units. If the wall is two wythes thick, one header is used to bind the two wythes together. [3] Header course: This is a course made up of a row of headers. [1] Bond course: This is a course of headers that bond the facing masonry to the backing masonry. [1] Plinth: The bottom course of a wall.
Core-and-veneer, brick and rubble, wall and rubble, ashlar and rubble, and emplekton all refer to a building technique where two parallel walls are constructed and the core between them is filled with rubble or other infill, creating one thick wall. [1] Originally, and in later poorly constructed walls, the rubble was not consolidated.
Rubble-work on Wyggeston's Chantry House in Leicester, built c. 1511 "Rubble-work" is a name applied to several types of masonry. [1] One kind, where the stones are loosely thrown together in a wall between boards and grouted with mortar almost like concrete, is called in Italian "muraglia di getto" and in French "bocage". [1]
The walls are usually around 90 cm (35 in) thick, [8] and they consist of two skins of stone with a rubble infill known as mazkan in between. [6] The roof of the girna is constructed using corbelling , with each row of stones jutting out slightly from the row below it, gradually reducing the size of the opening until flat stone slabs can be ...
Dry ashlar masonry laid in parallel courses on an Inca wall at Machu Picchu Ashlar masonry north gable of Banbury Town Hall, Oxfordshire Ashlar polygonal masonry in Cuzco, Peru Quarry-faced red Longmeadow sandstone in random ashlar was specified by architect Henry Hobson Richardson for the North Congregational Church (Springfield, Massachusetts, 1871).
Riprap (in North American English), also known as rip rap, rip-rap, shot rock, rock armour (in British English) or rubble, is human-placed rock or other material used to protect shoreline structures against scour and water, wave, or ice erosion.
The prison is surrounded by limestone perimeter walls, which define the extent of the depot and its original topography to the south, east and north. The walls are of random rubble limestone and lime mortar and range in height from 1.2 to 5 metres (3 ft 11 in to 16 ft 5 in).